Effects of Early Childhood Education Training Program on the Development of Children

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of early childhood education training program on the development of child. First objective of the study was to identify the existing Early Childhood Training Programs. Second objective of the study was to analyze the effects of Early Childhood Education Training Program in the light of stakeholders. Third objective of the study was to evaluate the ECE Training Program in the development of children. Fourth objective was to suggest some guidelines for effectiveness of ECE trainings programs. The nature of the study was mix method. The population of the research study was pre-schools of Taxila city. The teachers and heads of pre-schools were included in the population. The population of the study was 3 heads and 90 teachers. The sample of the study was 100% of the population sample included 3 heads and 90 teachers. The interview and questionnaire was personally administered by researcher herself. Qualitative and quantitative respondents were randomly selected. Chi-Square association test was utilized to explore the association between responses of the students. In this research study early childhood education training program was the independent variable. ECE training program factors named as knowledge and teaching competency of teachers, command on subject matter, use of AV aids, theories and principles of learning, lesson planning skills, assessment skills and time management skills were used to analyze the effectiveness of training program. The study recommended that to make teaching process more effective and to get better results in field of education teacher may have pedagogical skills to improve classroom management. The study also recommended that in order to make productive teaching teacher may reflect upon their teaching strategies and teaching style

Role of School Heads’ Leadership Competencies in the Context of School Improvement Initiatives

The aim of this research was to find out the relationship between school heads leadership competencies and the school results. It further investigated the on ground leadership competency challenges being faced by the head teachers of secondary schools in District Rawalpindi. Mix method approach was used. The study was basically descriptive in nature which required the collection of both qualitative and quantitative data by using a questionnaire and interviews.The information obtained through questionnaire were analyzed through, frequencies, percentage and mean value. Information gathered through interviews were qualitatively described. There were 285 teachers and 93 head teachers from tehsil Rawalpindi, Texila and Kotli Satian using the consecutive sampling technique. A questionnaire was developed for quantitative data collection. The study revealed that there is a significant relationship found between leadership competencies of school heads and school annual results. The study also depicted that the head teachers of the schools confront several challenges to improve their school including: lack of strict accountability in the system, heavy administrative duties, overcrowded classes, students affair management, weak result in Maths and Science, lack of trust of people on the education of government institutions, children coming from low socio economic backgrounds and lack of parents participation in the education of their children, lack of subject competent teachers, assessment practices, students drop out, medias’ role in portraying bad image of the government institution. Keywords: leadership competency of school head, relationship, school improvement, challenges for school improvement

Need of Counselor for the Assessment of Psychological Problems of the Students’ at University Level

The aim of the present study is to investigate the need of counselor for the assessment of the psychological problems of students at university level. The study was descriptive in nature. The population of the study was all the public-sector universities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The study was delimited to undergraduate students and faculty of social science. The total 343 students from Rawalpindi and Islamabad universities were selected through stratified random sampling technique. One self-developed questionnaire were constructed which include four areas, i.e. educational, vocational, social, personal problems of the students. The data was collected through questionnaire they were tested and validated before a well- designed test and interview is conducted on Head of Department(HOD).  The collected data were analyzed with the help of SPSS were interpreted through frequency, mean, standard deviation and chi- square. The finding revealed that students have counseling needs in all area of life. The results of this study show that students face more problem related to vocational and educational process at university stage. So, they need counseling more in vocational and educational areas. Students need a professional counsellor’s guidance to develop their career. Student services should be available on campus to help them develop self-awareness (personal interests, skills, potentials, weaknesses) and assess occupational opportunities such as, employment trends, expected competencies in the field, requirements for employment and job descriptions related to the area. Keywords: need of counselor, psychological problems, university student

Effect of Heads Managerial Styles on Teachers Professional Commitments at Secondary Level

Management is a process to run or administrate an organization. A leader should be fearless, courageous and bold to run an institution in an effective way. A leader can change the priorities of the staff members through his or her managerial styles, head of the school can use different managerial style to change the commitments of teachers in desired way. Basically, aim of this research was to check the effect of managerial style of heads on the professional commitments at secondary level. In the light of objective district mandi Baha Uddin (three tehsils) was taken as population. 3 schools from one tehsile Malikwaal was taken as pilot testing, and 12 schools from two tehsils phalia and mandi Baha Uddin was taken as final testing. Questionnaire and interviews were used as research instruments. Questionnaire and interviews was used as research instrument. Mix method design was used, this study was descriptive in nature, simple random sampling was used to collect data, researcher personally visited to collect the data, gathered data was analysed through SPSS, using descriptive static analysis was included mean, standard deviation, and chi square. Democratic and transformational style had positive and significant effect on the teacher’s commitments, and majority of the heads using This study will also help the heads and teachers to adopt effective and different managerial styles according to the needs and demands of institutional effectiveness, Keywords: managerial style, professional commitment

Factors Contributing to Truancy Among Secondary School Students in Karak District, Pakistan

The current research paper investigated the factors contributing to truancy among secondary school students in Karak District, Pakistan. A sample of 150 secondary-school-teachers was used for gathering required information regarding factors contributing to truancy among secondary- school-students. The study was descriptive and a self-developed structured questionnaire based on five point likert’s scale was used to seek the responses of the respondents. Statistical tools i.e., mean and standard deviation were applied. The findings revealed that electronic media factors are the most influential factors contributing to truancy. Furthermore, family background factors, students’ factors, peer group factors, and school environment factors were also found contributory to students’ truancy. On the other hand, teacher factors were found the least contributory factors to students’ truancy. Based on findings, it was recommended that children should not be permitted to use electronic devices. Friendly, encouraging and facilitated environment in school and home might be ensured for students. Keywords: Electronic Media Factors; Students Factors; Family Factors; School Factors; Teacher Factors; Peer Factors; Truancy; Secondary School Students