Síntese da teoria da percepção materna do peso corporal do filho

To build a middle range theory of maternal perception of her child´s body weight. This middle range theory was built deductively from the concept of social perception and from research literature published following the steps of theory synthesis. This theory has inputs, and the maternal perception of her child´s body weight is the outcome, that influence on maternal attitudes, and behaviors related to the child’s body weight. This theory offers an explanation how mothers build a judgement about their child’s body weight. The professionals could work with the factors that influence the maternal perception of her child´s body weight.Desarrollar una teoría de rango medio de la percepción materna del peso corporal del hijo. Esta teoría fue desarrollada de forma deductiva a partir del concepto de percepción social y de hallazgos científicos publicados, siguiendo los pasos de síntesis de teoría. Esta teoría tiene elementos de entrada y la percepción maternal del peso del hijo es el resultado, que influye en las actitudes y conductas maternas relacionadas al peso corporal del hijo. Esta teoría ofrece una explicación de cómo las madres construyen el juicio respecto al peso corporal de su hijo. Los profesionales podrían trabajar con los factores que influyen en la percepción materna del peso corporal del hijo.Desenvolver uma teoria de classe média da percepção materna do peso corporal do filho. Essa teoria foi desenvolvida dedutivamente a partir do conceito de percepção social e descobertas científicas publicadas, seguindo as etapas de síntese da teoria. Essa teoria tem elementos de entrada e o resultado é a percepção materna do peso corporal do filho, que influencia as atitudes e comportamentos maternos relacionados ao peso corporal do filho. Essa teoria oferece uma explicação de como as mães constroem seu julgamento sobre o peso corporal do seu filho. Os profissionais poderiam trabalhar com os fatores que influenciam a percepção materna sobre o peso corporal do filho

Relationships between nausea and vomiting, perceived stress, social support, pregnancy planning, and psychosocial adaptation in a sample of mothers: A questionnaire survey

Background: Women worldwide experience pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting yet tolerate this significant prenatal stressor. The physical and emotional stress caused by pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting may influence maternal psychosocial adaptation yet few studies have examined these relationships. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to examine the relationships between nausea and vomiting, perceived stress, social support and their ability to predict maternal psychosocial adaptation among Taiwanese women during early pregnancy. Design: A correlational, cross-sectional research design. Setting: Four prenatal clinics in Taiwan. Participants: Women (n = 243) who had completed the 6-16 week of gestation consented to participate. Methods: Subjects completed four self-report questionnaires in additional to providing demographic data: Index of Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching (INVR), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL), and the Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire (PSEQ). Results: Pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting was experienced in varying degrees by 188 (77.4%) women. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that 37.6% of the variance in maternal psychosocial adaptation was explained by the severity of nausea and vomiting, perceived stress, social support, and pregnancy planning. Conclusions: Women at higher risk for poor maternal psychosocial adaptation have not planned their pregnancy and experience severe pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting. Severe pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting associated with high-perceived stress levels may be mediated by social support. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Private Financing of the Military: A Local Political Economy Approach

The article of record as published may be located at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12116-012-9119-2In developing countries that are democratizing after military rule, and undergoing liberalizing economic reforms that encourage a shrinking of the state, what missions are the armed forces performing, who funds those missions, who benefits from military services, and why? This article analyzes security provision by the armed forces for paying clients—especially private companies in extractive industries—in accordance with negotiations between clients and commanders of the local military units that directly provide the security. The analysis identifies two paths toward local military–client relations. First, weak state capacity may mean that government control of military finances brought by democratization and economic reform remains limited to the national level, promoting local military–client exchanges. Second, amid minimal government control of military finances, even in the capital city, demand from companies in the powerful extractive industries and from recently endowed subnational governments can encourage local military–client contracting