Beach Processes of Shirarahama "a Pocket Beach"

The objective of this paper is to make clear the mechanics of sand transport in Shirarahama "a pocket beach" in order to study beach processes of stable, natural sandy beaches. Seasonal changes of the beach are caused by incoming waves and by blown sands, but a little beach erosion has gradually occurred due to a lack of beach sediment by recent urbanization of the hinterland. Characteristics of the change in the beach sediment are made clear, together with the present situation of the main sources of beach sediment. A method for the prediction of beach change by blown sands is proposed on the basis of both the law of sediment transport and the equation of continuity for beach changes. Changes in the distribution of longshore wave energy flux along the shoreline instead of the total rate of sand drift are considered for long-term and short-term beach changes. It is concluded from this that this beach is stable for most of the year, but the beach sediment may be transported in the offshore direction at the both ends of the pocket beach for a very short period by high waves associated with typhoons and monsoons

Identification of B cell adaptor for PI3-kinase (BCAP) as an Abl interactor 1-regulated substrate of Abl kinases

AbstractIn previous work we showed that Abl interactor 1 (Abi-1), by linking enzyme and substrate, promotes the phosphorylation of Mammalian Enabled (Mena) by c-Abl. To determine whether this mechanism extends to other c-Abl substrates, we used the yeast two-hybrid system to search for proteins that interact with Abi-1. By screening a human leukocyte cDNA library, we identified BCAP (B-cell adaptor for phosphoinositide 3-kinase) as another Abi-1-interacting protein. Binding experiments revealed that the SH3 domain of Abi-1 and the C-terminal polyproline structure of BCAP are involved in interactions between the two. In cultured cells, Abi-1 promoted phosphorylation of BCAP not only by c-Abl but also by v-Abl. The phosphorylation sites of BCAP by c-Abl were mapped to five tyrosine residues in the C-terminal region that are well conserved in mammals. These results show that Abi-1 promotes Abl-mediated BCAP phosphorylation and suggest that Abi-1 in general coordinates kinase-substrate interactions