Nerve growth factor (NGF) has an anti-tumor effects through perivascular innervation of neovessels in HT1080 fibrosarcoma and HepG2 hepatitis tumor in nude mice

This study investigated whether NGF prevents tumor growth by promoting neuronal regulation of tumor blood flow. HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells or HepG2 hepatitis cells were subcutaneously implanted into nude mice. On Day 21 after the implantation of tumor cells, human NGF (40 or 80 ng/h for 14 days) was administered using a micro-osmotic pump. Growth rates of both tumors were significantly inhibited by the treatment of NGF, and the survival rate was also extended. Significant suppression of HT1080 tumor growth lasted after withdrawing NGF. NGF markedly increased the density of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-immunoreactive (ir) cells without changing neovessel density in HT1080 tumor tissues. Double immunostaining demonstrated protein gene product (PGP) 9.5-ir nerves around α-SMA-ir cells were found in HT1080 tumor tissue treated with NGF. The blood flow in HepG2 tumors treated with saline was significantly higher than in the non-tumor control area, but the tumor blood flow was markedly reduced by NGF treatment. In in vitro studies, NGF significantly accelerated migration of aortic smooth muscle cells but not endothelial cells, whereas NGF had no cytotoxic action on both cells. NGF inhibits tumor growth via indirect action, probably through innervation and maturation of tumor neovasculature, which regulates blood flow into tumor tissues

実習前の「学校保健」に関する講義受講の教育実習生への影響 : 実習中の学校保健活動への意識の違い <第2部 教科研究>

児童生徒の健康課題が多様化・深刻化している今日，様々な場面で学校保健活動に関する知識や対応が求められているにもかかわらず，教員の学校保健活動に関する知識不足が指摘されている。また，教育実習中の学生においても学校保健活動に関する知識不足から児童生徒に悪影響を及ぼすことが懸念されている。そこで，筆者らは教育実習中の学生を対象に「学校における事故発生時の対応」をテーマとした学校保健に関する講話を行い，実習前に学校保健に関する講義を受講していた実習生と受講していなかった実習生との意識の差を，実習生の感想文を用いテキストマイニングで分析した。その結果，受講している実習生は講話内容の学校保健活動に対して教員として何をすべきかを主体的に考えていたのに対し，受講していない実習生は自らが講話の学校保健活動に携わることがあることに気づき動揺しており，教育の役割認識に留まっていることが明らかとなった。本研究により，教員養成課程において学校保健に関する講義を履修することの重要性が示唆された

教育実習における「学校保健」に関する講話の必要性と課題 : 学校保健活動参加への意識向上に向けて

1950年代より議論されている教員養成課程における学校保健の必修化は2018年度において実現されていない。そこで，筆者らは実習に訪れた学生の学校保健活動への意識を向上させることを目的に「学校における事故発生時の対応」の講話を行い，講話の影響についての分析を行った。その結果，講話前においては実習前に学校保健に関する講義を受講していた実習生と受講していなかった実習生との間に，学校保健活動に取り組む意識に差がみられたものの，講話後は両群の実習生の学校保健活動に取り組む意識が向上していた。また，「保健組織活動」については講話前において両群の実習生とも他の学校保健活動と比較し最も意識が低かったが，講話後は最も意識がプラスに変化していた。そのため，学校保健の必修化がなされていない現在,教員の学校保健活動参加への意識を高めるためには，教員としての在り方を学ぶ実習校での学校保健に関する講話が有効であると示唆された

Safety education in school based on the report of the Central Educatio Council : The systematic school hygiene safety sducation connected with body,mind,food and nutrition in a kindergarten, an elementary school, an junior high school

近年,大規模な自然災害や子どもが被害者となる事件や事故,災害が多発している。また,子どもの健康課題は多様化・深刻化しており,食教育の在り方が問われている。そこで本研究では,家庭での保護者の意識や教育力を把握し,分析した結果とその後の実践を示すことにした。その結果,家庭で事故やけがに関する会話をよくしている生徒ほど,事故やけがに対する関心が高いことが分かった。食の安全については,保護者・生徒ともに意識が高いが,生徒は意識や知識があってもそれを実際の生活に生かすことは難しい状況にあり,学校で学習したことを実際の生活に生かしていくことができるよう,幼少期から継続して指導を行うことで行動変容を促すことに繋がると考えられる。今後は,子どもたちが主体的に身の回りの危険や状況を判断し,行動できるよう日常の保育教科学習を見据えた取り組みをしていく。そのために子どもたちの発達段階に即した幼少中一貫のモデルプランを開発していきたい

Relationship between medical examination methods and actual conditions of life for preserving visual acuity in primary and junior high school: Verification of the current vision test

The deterioration of children’s eyesight is on the rise. Children's lives have changed in a short period of time, such as an increase in blue light due to the use of electronic devices. It is necessary to consider non-traditional content of health guidance for prevention. The accurate visual acuity test is important to examine the effects of visual acuity and environmental or living factors. We examined the accuracy of the visual acuity test with the three stage Landolt ring for children from the relationship with the eye axial length. After performing a normal detailed visual acuity test of the children and the correlation analysis with the eye axial length, we examined the distribution of the eye axis according to the results of the three-stage visual acuity test by the Landolt ring. The number of children measured eye axial length was 13. The correlation coefficient between detailed visual acuity test and eye axial length was negative. According to the results of the three-stage visual acuity test, the distribution of the eye axis is good for the right eye: the average eye axis of “A” was 23.44 mm, moderate: the average of “B” was 22.58 mm. The average of the left eye axis for “A” children is 23.34 mm, for “B” is 23.08 mm, and for “C” is 23.7 mm. The correlation coefficient between the detailed visual acuity test and the eye axial length was negative on both sides, namely a negative correlation between the visual acuity and the eye axial length. There was a possibility of not correspondence between the three-stage visual test and the eye axial length. In the case of children, it was considered that their visual performance and answers were different because of their mood and physical condition on the day

Investigation of guidance on maintaining visual acuity at combined school from kindergarten to junior high school.: Consideration of relationship between visual acuity and lifestyle

The negative effect of visual acuity for growing children led by widely use of IC device such as mobile phone is concerned today. Heavy use of electronic device such as PC in early age will bring poor visual acuity, and an inconvenience in exercise caused by wearing glasses. In this study, we used wearable devise to search relations between daily lives of children and a decrease in vision in add to a preexisting questionnaire. Compared with the duration of watching TV and reading books of PVA( Poor visual acuity) and NPVA(Non poor visual acuity), PVA students were turned out to be using more time in doing, which supports previous studies. The relevance to visual acuity and sleep was clarified to be significantly shorter in NPVA in terms of nocturnal awakening, and also the average of a sleep and a deep sleep duration were longer in NPVA. No significant difference was observed due to the small parameter. From now on, the further work is needed to examine child's sleep conscientiously, including enriching health guidance for sight maintenance

Relationship between medical examination methods and actual conditions of life for preserving visual acuity in primary and junior high school: Verification of the current vision test

The deterioration of children’s eyesight is on the rise. Children's lives have changed in a short period of time, such as an increase in blue light due to the use of electronic devices. It is necessary to consider non traditional content of health guidance for prevention. The accurate visual acuity test is important to examine the effects of visual acuity and environmental or living factors. We examined the accuracy of the visual acuity test with the three-stage Landolt ring for children from the relationship with the eye axial length. After performing a normal detailed visual acuity test of the children and the correlation analysis with the eye axial length, we examined the distribution of t he eye axis according to the results of the three stage visual acuity test by the Landolt ring The number of children measured eye axial length was 13. The correlation coefficient between detailed visual acuity test and eye axial length was negative. Ac cording to the results of the three-stage visual acuity test, the distribution of the eye axis is good for the right eye: the average eye axis of “A” was 23.44 mm, moderate: the average of “B” was 22.58 mm. The average of the left eye axis for “A” children is 23.34 mm, for “B” is 23.08 mm, and for “C” is 23.7 mm. The correlation coefficient between the detailed visual acuity test and the eye axial length was negative on both sides, namely a negative correlation between the visual acuity and the eye axial length. There was a possibility of not correspondence between the three-stage visual test and theeye axial length. In the case of children, it was considered that their visual performance and answers were different because of their mood and physical condition on the day

Effect of postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia on vascular responsiveness

Recent clinical studies demonstrated that transient postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia may contribute to the development of hypertension. Therefore, we investigated influence of acute hyperglycemia and/or hyperinsulinemia induced by glucose or insulin infusion on neuronal and humoral control of vascular tone in rats. Euglycemic male Wistar rats were pithed under anesthesia and arterial blood pressure was measured. Changes in vascular responses to spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and intravenous bolus injections of noradrenaline, angiotensin II, calcitonin generelated peptide (CGRP), acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were studied by infusing various concentration of glucose or insulin. Continuous glucose infusion, which increased both blood glucose and serum insulin levels, significantly augmented adrenergic nerve-mediated pressor responses to SCS without affecting injection of pressor responses to noradrenaline or angiotensin II. In pithed rats with artificially increased blood pressure and blockade of autonomic outflow, glucose infusion attenuated CGRPergic nerve-depressor responses to SCS without affecting depressor responses to injection of CGRP, acetylcholine or SNP. In pithed rats treated with octreotide, which increased blood glucose without increasing serum insulin levels, glucose infusion caused only significant augmentation of adrenergic nervemediated pressor responses. Combined infusion of insulin and glucose, which resulted in increased serum insulin levels with euglycemic, significantly augmented adrenergic nerve-mediated pressor responses and attenuated CGRPergic nerve-mediated depressor responses. The present results suggest that acute hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia increases adrenergic nerve-mediated vasoconstriction, which is partly associated with the blunted CGRPergic nerve function, and that plasma insulin concentration associated with hyperglycemia may be responsible for alteration of neuronal vascular regulation