John Stuart Mill’s projected science of society: 1827-1848

The purpose of the thesis is to examine John Stuart Mill’s political thought from about 1827 to 1848 as an exercise in intellectual history. It focuses, first, on Mill’s view, formulated by the late 1830s, that contemporary society was ‘civilized’, and second, on his project of a science of society, which he aspired to develop in the late 1830s and early 1840s. By the late 1830s, Mill came to the view that his contemporary society was a ‘commercial society or civilization’, dominated by the middle, commercial class. The first part of my thesis, constituted by Chapters 2-4, discusses the way in which Mill formed his notion of civilization, and what he meant by the term ‘civilization’. Mill paid attention to the implications of the rise of the middle class, and regarded such phenomena of contemporary society as the corruption of the commercial spirit and excessive social conformity as an inevitable consequence of the rise of the middle class. The second part of the thesis, constituted by Chapters 5-9, examines Mill’s projected science of society. In the late 1830s and early 1840s, Mill attempted to develop a new science of society whose subject-matter was the nature and prospects of commercial, civilized society. This aspiration culminated in A System of Logic, published in 1843. In examining Mill’s projected science, I pay particular attention to the fact that he conceived new sciences of history and of the formation of character, both of which were indispensable in his project, although he failed to give a complete account of these sciences. My thesis shows that the implications of his interest both in history and in the formation of character are more significant than Mill scholars have assumed

Effect of cation size variance on spin and orbital order in Eu1−x_{1-x}(La0.254_{0.254}Y0.746_{0.746})x_{x}VO3_3

We have investigated the $R$-ion ($R$ = rare earth or Y) size variance effect on spin/orbital order in Eu$_{1-x}$(La$_{0.254}$Y$_{0.746}$)$_{x}$VO$_3$. The size variance disturbs one-dimensional orbital correlation in $C$-type spin/$G$-type orbital ordered states and suppresses this spin/orbital order. In contrast, it stabilizes the other spin/orbital order. The results of neutron and resonant X-ray scattering denote that in the other ordered phase, the spin/orbital patterns are $G$-type/$C$-type, respectively.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted to Rapid Communication in Physical Review

Phenomenological theory of a scalar electronic order: application to skutterudite PrFe4P12

By phenomenological Landau analysis, it is shown that a scalar order parameter with the point-group symmetry $\Gamma_{1g}$ explains most properties associated with the phase transition in PrFe$_4$P$_{12}$ at 6.5 K. The scalar-order model reproduces magnetic and elastic properties in PrFe$_4$P$_{12}$ consistently such as (i) the anomaly of the magnetic susceptibility and elastic constant at the transition temperature, (ii) anisotropy of the magnetic susceptibility in the presence of uniaxial pressure, and (iii) the anomaly in the elastic constant in magnetic field. An Ehrenfest relation is derived which relates the anomaly of the magnetic susceptibility to that of the elastic constant at the transition.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figure

Relativistic Corrections to the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect for Clusters of Galaxies. IV. Analytic fitting formula for the Numerical Results

We present an accurate analytic fitting formula for the numerical results for the relativistic corrections to the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect for clusters of galaxies. The numerical results for the relativistic corrections have been obtained by numerical integration of the collision term of the Boltzmann equation. The fitting is carried out for the ranges 0.02 < theta_{e} < 0.05 and 0 < X < 20, where theta_{e} = k_{B}T_{e}/m_{e}c^{2}, X = omega/k_{B}T_{0}, T_{e} is the electron temperature, omega is the angular frequency of the photon, and T_{0} is the temperature of the cosmic microwave background radiation. The accuracy of the fitting is generally better than 0.1%. The present analytic fitting formula will be useful for the analyses of the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect for high-temperature galaxy clusters.Comment: 11 pages + 1 table + 2 figures, LaTeX with AASMS macro. Accepted by Astrophysical Journal for publicatio

Diurnal variation and size dependence of the hygroscopicity of organic aerosol at a forest site in Wakayama, Japan: their relationship to CCN concentrations

Formation of biogenic secondary organic aerosol (BSOA) and its subsequent evolution can modify the hygroscopicity of the organic aerosol component (OA) in the forest atmosphere, and affect the concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) there. In this study, size-resolved aerosol hygroscopic growth at 85&thinsp;% relative humidity and size-resolved aerosol composition were measured using a hygroscopic tandem differential mobility analyzer and an aerosol mass spectrometer, respectively, at a forest site in Wakayama, Japan, in August and September 2015. The hygroscopicity parameter of OA (κorg) presented daily minima in the afternoon hours, and it also showed an increase with the increase in particle dry diameter. The magnitudes of the diurnal variations in κorg for particles with dry diameters of 100 and 300&thinsp;nm were on average 0.091 and 0.096, respectively, and the difference in κorg between particles with dry diameters of 100 and 300&thinsp;nm was on average 0.056. The relative contributions of the estimated fresh BSOA and regional OA to total OA could explain 40&thinsp;% of the observed diurnal variations and size dependence of κorg. The hygroscopicity parameter of fresh BSOA was estimated to range from 0.089 to 0.12 for particles with dry diameters from 100 to 300&thinsp;nm. Compared with the use of time- and size-resolved κorg, the use of time- and size-averaged κorg leads to under- and over-estimation of the fractional contribution of OA to CCN number concentrations in the range from −5.0&thinsp;% to 26&thinsp;%. This indicates that the diurnal variations and size dependence of κorg strongly affect the overall contribution of OA to CCN concentrations. The fractional contribution of fresh BSOA to CCN number concentrations could reach 0.28 during the period of intensive BSOA formation. The aging of the fresh BSOA, if it occurs, increases the estimated contribution of BSOA to CCN number concentrations by 52&thinsp;%–84&thinsp;%.</p

Gene expression analysis of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) lines during Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 infection yields insights into differential immune responses

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