263 research outputs found
Quantum Mechanics for the Swimming of Micro-Organism in Two Dimensions
In two dimensional fluid, there are only two classes of swimming ways of
micro-organisms, {\it i.e.}, ciliated and flagellated motions. Towards
understanding of this fact, we analyze the swimming problem by using
and/or algebras. In the study of the relationship
between these two algebras, there appear the wave functions expressing the
shape of micro-organisms. In order to construct the well-defined quantum
mechanics based on algebra and the wave functions, essentially
only two different kinds of the definitions are allowed on the hermitian
conjugate and the inner products of the wave functions. These two definitions
are related with the shapes of ciliates and flagellates. The formulation
proposed in this paper using algebra and the wave functions is
the quantum mechanics of the fluid dynamics where the stream function plays the
role of the Hamiltonian. We also consider the area-preserving algebras which
arise in the swimming problem of micro-organisms in the two dimensional fluid.
These algebras are larger than the usual and
algebras. We give a free field representation of this extended
algebra.Comment: OCHA-PP-48, NDA-FP-16, Latex file, 15p
Design Concept of Pile Foundation to Lateral Load Considering Soil-Pile-Structure Interaction
To rationalize the aseismic design of pile foundations it is essential to make clear the load conditions applied to piles. This paper describes 1) the results of earthquake motion measurement carried out in and around a pile-supported building, 2) the simulation using soil-pile structure lumped mass interaction model and 3) case study of typical combination models of structure and soil. Fundamentally both the seismic loads of super-structure and the forced deformation by surrounding soil should be applied to piles as external loads. In the coupling and evaluation of these loads the dynamic interaction among soil, pile and structure plays a very important role
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