SYNTHESIS OF SOME NOVEL TRIAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS SCHIFF BASES AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION

Objective: This work involves the synthesis of some novel schiff base derivatives synthesized from p-amino benzoic acid.Methods: A series of 4-[4-(arylidene amino-5-mercapto-4H-[1, 2, 4] triazol-3-yl]-benzoic acid complexes were synthesized from 4-(4-amino-5-mercapto-4H-[1, 2, 4] triazol-3-yl)-benzoic acid by reaction with different aromatic aldehydes. All the synthesized schiff base derivatives were characterized by using analytical techniques (FT-IR, 1H NMR and Mass spectroscopy). The title compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and anti-fungal activity against (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger).Results: Schiff base derivatives 5(a-h) were synthesized in good yields and showed antimicrobial activity, among them, compounds 5c, 5d, 5e and 5f were significantly active against gram positive, gram negative bacterial and fungal strains and rest of compounds showed moderate to weak activity.Conclusion: The Schiff base obtained showed variation in the antimicrobial and antifungal activity, based on the structure of the substituted aromatic aldehydes

A Comprehensive Study of Phenotypic and Genotypic Techniques to Detect Metallo-β-lactamases in Carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) Strains Derived through Numerous Clinical Specimens in Advanced Health care Facilities

In recent years, an increase in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to carbapenem was reported globally. Due to their high prevalence and extensive range of medical conditions, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are both confirmed to be major public health concerns. Furthermore, carbapenem resistance restricts treatment options for individuals infected with these bacteria. Consequently, early detection of carbapenem resistance is essential for starting effective therapy, achieving successful management, and avoiding the infection from spreading further in the future. This study’s objective was to identify the phenotypic and genotypic identification of Metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) in carbapenem-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae in advanced healthcare facilities. Meropenem resistance was tested in E. coli and K. pneumoniae using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. MBL was discovered using a combination of Disc diffusion testing and the Modified Hodge Test. The Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to determine the genotypes of the bla NDM-1 genes that express these enzymes. Out of 427 strains, including 223 E. coli and 204 K. pneumoniae, 35 (8.2%) consisted of carbapenem-resistant, and 29 (82.85%) showed phenotypically verified as metallo-beta-lactamase producers by using the Combined disc test and 20 (57.14%) using the Modified Hodge test. Polymerase Chain Reaction tests for genes detect those three different strains all showed the bla NDM-1 gene. Carbapenemase production and MBL can be recognized with the help of phenotypic combination disc and MHT tests in labs. Since both tests showed 100% concordance, laboratories may use the less expensive CDT instead of the MHT. The current study supports institutional antibiotic stewardship programmes to manage antibiotic use and prevent CRE worldwide

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY STUDIES IN RELATION TO CHEMICAL EVALUATION ON TWO SPECIES OF AN INDIGENOUS DRUG ‘BARLERIA’

Objective: The present study was aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory activity profile of Barleria spp. viz., B. prionitis Linn. and B. cristata Linn. against different models of inflammation in female rats. Methods: Seven different extracts viz., mother extract (methanolic, ME, maceration), hexane (HE), chloroform (CE), ethyl acetate (EAE), butanol (BE) and left aqueous (LAE) extract obtained after partitioning of ME and total aqueous extract (TAE, maceration) of each Barleria spp. were evaluated chemically and biologically. The LD50 of ME was found to be more than 2000 mg/kg p.o. Hence, the resultant extracts were evaluated at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o. dose against different inflammogens. Results: Both Barleria species showed anti-inflammatory results with matching chemical profile. B. prionitis with more intense spots of major compounds exhibited maximum protection at 400 mg/kg for methanolic extract with per cent protection of 73.83 (3 h) in the carrageenan model and 42.04 (wet basis) in cotton pellet induced inflammation, respectively. A promising activity against histamine and dextran induced inflammation was shown by methanolic extract of B. prionitis at 200 mg/kg dose. Conclusion: Owing to the present findings it can be concluded that the iridoid enriched extracts might collectively be responsible for its anti-inflammatory activity