Curved Superspaces and Local Supersymmetry in Supermatrix Model

In a previous paper, we introduced a new interpretation of matrix models, in which any d-dimensional curved space can be realized in terms of d matrices, and the diffeomorphism and the local Lorentz symmetries are included in the ordinary unitary symmetry of the matrix model. Furthermore, we showed that the Einstein equation is naturally obtained, if we employ the standard form of the action, S=-tr([A_a,A_b][A^a,A^b])+.... In this paper, we extend this formalism to include supergravity. We show that the supercovariant derivatives on any d-dimensional curved space can be expressed in terms of d supermatrices, and the local supersymmetry can be regarded as a part of the superunitary symmetry. We further show that the Einstein and Rarita-Schwinger equations are compatible with the supermatrix generalization of the standard action.Comment: 23 pages, 1 figure, PTPTeX. Eqs. (2.18), (2.19) and related comments modifie

Describing Curved Spaces by Matrices

It is shown that a covariant derivative on any d-dimensional manifold M can be mapped to a set of d operators acting on the space of functions on the principal Spin(d)-bundle over M. In other words, any d-dimensional manifold can be described in terms of d operators acting on an infinite dimensional space. Therefore it is natural to introduce a new interpretation of matrix models in which matrices represent such operators. In this interpretation the diffeomorphism, local Lorentz symmetry and their higher-spin analogues are included in the unitary symmetry of the matrix model. Furthermore the Einstein equation is obtained from the equation of motion, if we take the standard form of the action S=-tr([A_{a},A_{b}][A^{a},A^{b}]).Comment: 22 pages, 1 figure. V3: eqs (80) and (81) correcte

Phase structure of the large-N reduced gauge theory and generalized Weingarten model

We study a generalization of Weingarten model reduced to a point, which becomes the large-N reduced U(N) gauge theory in a special limit. We find that the U(1)^d symmetry is broken one by one, and restored simultaneously as U(1)^d -> U(1)^{d-1} -> ... -> U(1) -> 1 -> U(1)^d as we change the coupling constants. In this model we can develop an efficient algorithm and we can see the phase structure of large-N reduced model clearly, and therefore this model would be useful for the study of the unitary model.Comment: LaTeX-2e, 11 pages with 11 figures; typos correcte

Worldsheet Analysis of Gauge/Gravity Dualities

Gauge/gravity dualities are investigated from the worldsheet point of view. In [arXiv:0706.1163] and [arXiv:0708.2463], a duality between 4d SYM and supergravity on AdS_5xS^5 has been partly explained by using an anisotropic scale invariance of worldsheet theory. In this paper, we refine the argument and generalize it to lower dimensional cases. We show the correspondence between the Wilson loops in (p+1)-d SYM and the minimal surface in the black p-brane background. Although the scale invariance does not exist in these cases, the generalized scale transformation can be utilized. We also find that the energy density of open strings can be related to the ADM mass of the p-brane without relying on this symmetry.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figure

Prediction of lowest nocturnal blood glucose level based on self-monitoring of blood glucose in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes

Available online 13 September 2018Aims: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is not available for all patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) at risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia (NH).This study was performed to predict the lowest nocturnal blood glucose (LNBG) levels. Methods: An LNBG prediction formula was developed by multivariate analysis using the data including self-monitoring of blood glucose from a formula making (FM) group of 29 insulin-treated T2D patients with CGM. The validity of the formula was assessed by nonparametric regression analysis of actual and predicted values in a formula validation group consisting of 21 other insulin-treated patients. The clinical impact on prediction was evaluated using a Parkes error grid. Results: In the FM group with a median age of 64.0, the following formula was established: Predicted LNBG (mg/dL) = 127.4-0.836 x Age (y) + 0.119 x Self-monitored fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) + 0.717 x Basal insulin dose (U/day) (standard error of calibration 17.2 mg/dL). Based on the validation results, standard error of prediction was 31.0 mg/dL All predicted values fell within zones A (no effect on clinical action) and B (little or no effect on clinical outcome) on the grid. Conclusions: LNBG could be predicted, and may be helpful for NH prevention. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.ArticleJOURNAL OF DIABETES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS. 32(12):1118-1123 (2018)journal articl

Field Equations of Massless Fields in the New Interpretation of the Matrix Model

Recently, some of the authors have introduced a new interpretation of matrix models in which covariant derivatives on any curved space can be expressed by large-N matrices. It has been shown that the Einstein equation follows from the equation of motion of IIB matrix model in this interpretation. In this paper, we generalize this argument to covariant derivatives with torsion. We find that some components of the torsion field can be identified with the dilaton and the $B$-field in string theory. However, the other components do not seem to have string theory counterparts. We also consider the matrix model with a mass term or a cubic term, in which the equation of motion of string theory is exactly satisfied.Comment: 21 page

Identification of a potent immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotide from Streptococcus thermophilus lacZ

Immunostimulatory sequences of oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), such as CpG ODNs, are potent stimulators of innate immunity. Here, we identified a strong immunostimulatory CpG ODN, which we named MsST, from the lac Z gene of Streptococcus (S.) thermophilus ATCC19258, and we evaluated its immune functions. In in vitro studies, MsST had a similar ability as the murine prototype CpG ODN 1555 to induce inflammatory cytokine production and cell proliferation. In mouse splenocytes, MsST increased the number of CD80+CD11c+and CD86+CD11c+ dendritic cells and CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. We also analyzed the effects of MsST on the expression of regulatory cytokines by real-time quantitative PCR. MsST was more potent at inducing interleukin-10 expression than the ODN control 1612, indicating that MsST can augment the regulatory T cell response via Toll-like receptor 9, which plays an important role in suppressing T helper type 2 responses. These results suggest that S. thermophilus, whose genes include a strong Immunostimulatory sequence-ODN, is a good candidate for a starter culture to develop new physiologically functional foods and feeds.ArticleANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL. 80(5):597-604 (2009)journal articl

Photonics of fullerene-conducting polymer composites and multilayered structures: new results and prospects

SPIE's 1995 International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, 1995, San Diego, CA, United StatesKatsumi Yoshino, Kenji Yoshimoto, Kazuya Tada, Hishashi Araki, Tsuyoshi Kawai, Masanori Ozaki, and Anvar A. Zakhidov "Photonics of fullerene-conducting polymer composites and multilayered structures: new results and prospects", Proc. SPIE 2530, Fullerenes and Photonics II, (8 December 1995). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1117/12.22812

Implications for the Cosmic Reionization from the Optical Afterglow Spectrum of the Gamma-Ray Burst 050904 at z = 6.3

The gamma-ray burst (GRB) 050904 at z = 6.3 provides the first opportunity of probing the intergalactic medium (IGM) by GRBs at the epoch of the reionization. Here we present a spectral modeling analysis of the optical afterglow spectrum taken by the Subaru Telescope, aiming to constrain the reionization history. The spectrum shows a clear damping wing at wavelengths redward of the Lyman break, and the wing shape can be fit either by a damped Ly alpha system with a column density of log (N_HI/cm^{-2}) ~ 21.6 at a redshift close to the detected metal absorption lines (z_metal = 6.295), or by almost neutral IGM extending to a slightly higher redshift of z_{IGM,u} ~ 6.36. In the latter case, the difference from z_metal may be explained by acceleration of metal absorbing shells by the activities of the GRB or its progenitor. However, we exclude this possibility by using the light transmission feature around the Ly beta resonance, leading to a firm upper limit of z_{IGM,u} < 6.314. We then show an evidence that the IGM was largely ionized already at z=6.3, with the best-fit neutral fraction of IGM, x_HI = N_HI/N_H = 0.00, and upper limits of x_HI < 0.17 and 0.60 at 68 and 95% C.L., respectively. This is the first direct and quantitative upper limit on x_HI at z > 6. Various systematic uncertainties are examined, but none of them appears large enough to change this conclusion. To get further information on the reionization, it is important to increase the sample size of z >~ 6 GRBs, in order to find GRBs with low column densities (log N_HI <~ 20) within their host galaxies, and for statistical studies of Ly alpha line emission from host galaxies.Comment: Matches the published version in PASJ. The version with full resolution figures is available upon request to Totani or at http://www.kusastro.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~totani/up/grb050904-paper2-astroph-v3.pd