Block-ownership structure, bank nominee director and crash-risk

We study the effect of outside block-ownership on the future firm-specific crash-risk of Indian firms. Major and dedicated block-owners play a significant role in aggravating the firm’s susceptibility towards crash-risk. Within a novel regulatory setup in India, where borrowing firms are entitled to a bank nominated board-member, we find an ancillary influence of bank nominee’s presence in dissipating block-owners influence on firm-level crash-risk. These results support the monitoring hypothesis in alleviating future firm-level crash-risk. Our results are robust to alternate model specifications, different crash-risk and block-ownership measures, clustering, and an array of control variables

Do group-affiliated firms time their equity offerings?

Using IPO and SEO data from the Indian capital market, we examine whether group-affiliated firms are able to time their equity issuance relative to stand-alone firms. Group-affiliated firms have access to internal capital markets, which, we argue should allow these firms to raise external capital at an opportune time. Using both direct and indirect measures of market timing, the main finding of our paper is that there are significant difference in how group-affiliated and stand-alone firms raise capital through IPOs and SEOs. We find that stand-alone firms raise more capital and time their IPO offerings whereas group-affiliated firms raise more capital and time their SEO offerings. Consistent with the notion of market timing, we find that the long run underperformance is pronounced for stand-alone IPO and group-affiliated SEO offerings

Block-ownership structure, bank nominee director and crash-risk

We study the effect of outside block-ownership on the future firm-specific crash-risk of Indian firms. Major and dedicated block-owners play a significant role in aggravating the firm’s susceptibility towards crash-risk. Within a novel regulatory setup in India, where borrowing firms are entitled to a bank nominated board-member, we find an ancillary influence of bank nominee’s presence in dissipating block-owners influence on firm-level crash-risk. These results support the monitoring hypothesis in alleviating future firm-level crash-risk. Our results are robust to alternate model specifications, different crash-risk and block-ownership measures, clustering, and an array of control variables

Block-ownership structure, bank nominee director and crash-risk

We study the effect of outside block-ownership on the future firm-specific crash-risk of Indian firms. Major and dedicated block-owners play a significant role in aggravating the firm’s susceptibility towards crash-risk. Within a novel regulatory setup in India, where borrowing firms are entitled to a bank nominated board-member, we find an ancillary influence of bank nominee’s presence in dissipating block-owners influence on firm-level crash-risk. These results support the monitoring hypothesis in alleviating future firm-level crash-risk. Our results are robust to alternate model specifications, different crash-risk and block-ownership measures, clustering, and an array of control variables

Energy Efficient Consensus Approach of Blockchain for IoT Networks with Edge Computing

Blockchain technology is gaining a lot of attention in various fields, such as intellectual property, finance, smart agriculture, etc. The security features of blockchain have been widely used, integrated with artificial intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT), software defined networks (SDN), etc. The consensus mechanism of blockchain is its core and ultimately affects the performance of the blockchain. In the past few years, many consensus algorithms, such as proof of work (PoW), ripple, proof of stake (PoS), practical byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT), etc., have been designed to improve the performance of the blockchain. However, the high energy requirement, memory utilization, and processing time do not match with our actual desires. This paper proposes the consensus approach on the basis of PoW, where a single miner is selected for mining the task. The mining task is offloaded to the edge networking. The miner is selected on the basis of the digitization of the specifications of the respective machines. The proposed model makes the consensus approach more energy efficient, utilizes less memory, and less processing time. The improvement in energy consumption is approximately 21% and memory utilization is 24%. Efficiency in the block generation rate at the fixed time intervals of 20 min, 40 min, and 60 min was observed

Parent Attitudes Regarding Orthodontists’ Role as Potential Administrators of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Vaccines

OBJECTIVE: To assess parent attitudes regarding orthodontists' role as potential administrators of human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 275 parents of adolescents, aged 11–17, who attended the orthodontic clinic at an American university for orthodontic adjustment visits and met inclusion criteria were given information about HPV and HPV vaccines. A paper questionnaire was administered to assess comfort level with orthodontists as HPV vaccinators. Demographic and other potential explanatory characteristics were collected. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed with SPSS statistical software v25. RESULTS: The majority of participants were between 31 and 40 years old, with 79.6% identifying as female. 54.3% of the subjects' children identified as female. Although 71.3% of participants identified as Hispanic, 55.3% of the total participants chose to respond to the questionnaire in Spanish. 66.7% of the participants reported education level as high school degree or less. Overall, 52.4% of parents responded that they would be comfortable with orthodontists administering HPV vaccines to their children. Bivariate analysis suggested a significant association (p < 0.05) of parents taking the survey in Spanish and parents' educational attainment with HPV vaccine administration comfort level. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression indicates that parents taking survey in Spanish (adjusted OR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.24–4.72; p < .01) and parents of male children (adjusted OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.01–2.73; p < 047) were comfortable with orthodontists administering the HPV vaccine. CONCLUSIONS: The language of the survey influenced parents' comfort level with orthodontists as HPV vaccinators, with Spanish having a positive correlation to comfort level. Parents of male children were more comfortable with orthodontists as HPV vaccinator