Synthesis of alkaline-earth Zintl phosphides MZn₂P₂ (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) from Sn solutions

Exploration of suitable partner materials (so-called buffer layer or n-type emitter) for each light-absorbing material is essential to practicalize various emerging photovoltaic devices. Motivated by our recent discovery of a partner material, Mg(Mg x Zn₁−x)₂P₂, in Mg/Zn₃P₂ solar cells, the related series of materials MZn₂P₂ (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) is of interest to the application in pnictide-based solar cells. In this study, we synthesize these materials to evaluate the optoelectronic properties concerning photovoltaic applications. To deal with the difficulties of the high vapor pressure and reactivity of the constituent elements, we utilized Sn as a solvent to reduce their activities during heat treatments. Powders that are mainly composed of MZn₂P₂ were obtained by crushing the samples after solution growth, although single-phase crystals of MZn₂P₂ could not be obtained in this study. The optical bandgap and the ionization potential of each MZn₂P₂ were evaluated through the diffuse reflectance and the photoelectron yield spectroscopy measurements of the powder. As a result, we found that CaZn₂P₂ would be a promising partner material in photovoltaics based on Zn₃P₂ and ZnSnP₂

A study of admission and continue to fitness club

岡山県にある商業スポーツ施設Oスポーツクラブは現在　つの事業所を持っている。Oスポーツクラブのそれぞれの事業所の顧客に対して入会動機、継続要因等のアンケート調査を行うことにより、事業所別に顧客獲得のための要因を明らかにしようとした。 その結果、それぞれの事業所は周りの自然、社会環境の違い、また、事業所自体が持っているハードの違いなどにより、顧客の入会動機、継続要因は異なることが明らかとなり、それぞれの事業所別にその事業所にあったソフトウェア―（顧客対応）が必要であることが示唆された

Limitations of Quantum Measurements and Operations of Scattering Type under the Energy Conservation Law

It is important to improve the accuracy of quantum measurements and operations both in engineering and fundamental physics. It is known, however, that the achievable accuracy of measurements and unitary operations are generally limited by conservation laws according to the Wigner-Araki-Yanase theorem (WAY theorem) and its generalizations. Although many researches have extended the WAY theorem quantitatively, most of them, as well as the original WAY theorem, concern only additive conservation laws like the angular momentum conservation law. In this paper, we explore the limitation incurred by the energy conservation law, which is universal but is one of the non-additive conservation laws. We present a lower bound for the error of a quantum measurement using a scattering process satisfying the energy conservation law. We obtain conditions that a control system Hamiltonian must fulfill in order to implement a controlled unitary gate with zero error when a scattering process is considered. We also show the quantitative relationship between the upper bound of the gate fidelity of a controlled unitary gate and the energy fluctuation of systems when a target system and a control system are both one qubit.Comment: 32 page

Characterization of 2S albumin allergenic proteins for anaphylaxis in common buckwheat

2S albumin (2SA) is responsible for anaphylaxis following consumption of buckwheat in allergic individuals. To reduce allergen incidents, characterization of 2SA polypeptides is prerequisite, thus was analyzed in this study. Of the five 2S albumin genes (g03, g11, g13, g14, and g28), g03 was seemingly non-functional. The g14 content was 3- and 40-fold higher than that of g11/g28 and g13, respectively. The g11/g28 were more processed to a ∼8 kDa band from a 16 kDa band than g14 in seeds, agreeing with that g11/g28 have high similarity with Fag e 8kD. Meanwhile, anti-g13 produced only a single ∼10 kDa band. Modification of g13 and domain exchange between g13 and g14 suggested that the hydrophobicity of the first domain and the nature of some amino acids in g13 contributed, at least in part, to the lower apparent molecular weight of g13 than expected. Thus, g13 might be an unexplored and noteworthy allergen

2S albumin g13 polypeptide, less related to Fag e 2, can be eliminated in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) seeds

2S albumin (g11, g13, g14, and g28) is an important allergen in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum). g13 is hydrophobic, rare in seeds, and may show distinct allergenicity from the others; therefore, we tried to eliminate this protein. Phylogenetic and property distance analyses indicated g13 is less related to g14 (Fag e 2) than g11/g28 is related to g14, particularly in the second domain containing the II and III α-helices. A null allele with a 531 bp insertion in the coding region was found for g13 at an allele frequency of 2 % in natural populations of common buckwheat. The g13_null allele homozygote accumulated no g13 protein. A BLAST search for the 531 bp insertion suggested the insert-like sequence resided frequently in the buckwheat genome, including the self-incompatibility responsible gene ELF3 in Fagopyrum tataricum. The g13_null insert-like sequence could, therefore, help in producing hypoallergenic cultivars, and expand the genetic diversity of buckwheat

Cytosolic Free N-Glycans Are Retro-Transported Into the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Plant Cells

During endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation, free N-glycans (FNGs) are produced from misfolded nascent glycoproteins via the combination of the cytosolic peptide N-glycanase (cPNGase) and endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase) in the plant cytosol. The resulting high-mannose type (HMT)-FNGs, which carry one GlcNAc residue at the reducing end (GN1-FNGs), are ubiquitously found in developing plant cells. In a previous study, we found that HMT-FNGs assisted in protein folding and inhibited beta-amyloid fibril formation, suggesting a possible biofunction of FNGs involved in the protein folding system. However, whether these HMT-FNGs occur in the ER, an organelle involved in protein folding, remained unclear. On the contrary, we also reported the presence of plant complex type (PCT)-GN1-FNGs, which carry the Lewis(a) epitope at the non-reducing end, indicating that these FNGs had been fully processed in the Golgi apparatus. Since plant ENGase was active toward HMT-N-glycans but not PCT-N-glycans that carry beta 1-2xylosyl and/or alpha 1-3 fucosyl residue(s), these PCT-GN1-FNGs did not appear to be produced from fully processed glycoproteins that harbored PCT-N-glycans via ENGase activity. Interestingly, PCT-GN1-FNGs were found in the extracellular space, suggesting that HMT-GN1-FNGs formed in the cytosol might be transported back to the ER and processed in the Golgi apparatus through the protein secretion pathway. As the first step in elucidating the production mechanism of PCT-GN1-FNGs, we analyzed the structures of free oligosaccharides in plant microsomes and proved that HMT-FNGs (Man(9-7)GlcNAc(1) and Man(9-8)GlcNAc(2)) could be found in microsomes, which almost consist of the ER compartments

Research on Handling of Japanese Traditional Music in Junior High School Music Textbooks: Comparison the 2002 Edition with the 2012 Edition

This research aims at clarifying about handling of traditional music in music textbooks by comparing the 2002 edition (based on the government guidelines for teaching 1998) with the 2012 edition (based on the government guidelines for teaching 2008). The materials for analysis are junior high school music textbooks and teacher's manuals which were published by Kyoiku Shuppan and Kyoiku Geijyutsusya in 2002 and 2012. Analytic viewpoints are subject matter name, the number of subject matters, teaching materials name, the number of teaching materials, classification, contents of instruction and teaching method, domain, and element. The textbooks published in 2002 has many appreciation domains and folk song accounts for a large portion of the contents of study. The textbooks published in 2012 has many expression domains and the elements of the traditional music included in the contents of study increased. In the contents of instruction, as shown by the government guidelines for teaching, Japanese traditional music came to be thought as important also with textbooks, and it became clear that it can learn now deeply