291 research outputs found
Analysis of Japanese newspaper articles on genetic modification
The rapid spread of technologies involving the application of “Genetic Modification (GM)” raised the need for science communication on this new technology in society. To consider the communication on GM in the society, an understanding of the current mass media is required. This paper shows the whole picture of newspaper discourses on GM in Japan. For the Japanese public, newspapers represent one of the major sources of information on GM. We subjected the two Japanese newspapers with the largest circulation, the Asahi Shimbun and Yomiuri Shimbun, to an analysis of the full text of approximately 4000 articles on GM published over the past to perform an assessment of the change of reportage on GM. As for the most important results, our analysis shows that there are two significant shifts with respect to the major topics addressed in articles on GM by Japanese newspapers
Institutional and Social Issues Surrounding Genetic Counselors in Japan : Current Challenges and Implications for the Global Community
Aizawa Y, Watanabe A and Kato K (2021) Institutional and Social Issues Surrounding Genetic Counselors in Japan: Current Challenges and Implications for the Global Community. Front. Genet. 12:646177. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.646177
Local Measurement of Microwave Response with Local Tunneling Spectra Using Near Field Microwave Microscopy
We have designed and built a near-field scanning microwave microscope, which
has been used to measure the local microwave response and the local
density-of-states (LDOS) in the area including the boundary between the gold
deposited and the non-deposited region on highly-orientated pyrolytic graphite
at a frequency of about 7.3 GHz. We have succeeded in measuring the spatial
variation of both the LDOS and the surface resistance. It can be observed that
the surface resistance in gold deposited region with the metallic tunneling
spectra is smaller than that in the non-deposited region with the U-shaped
tunneling spectra.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures
A proposal on the first Japanese practical guidance for the return of individual genomic results in research settings
Aizawa, Y., Nagami, F., Ohashi, N. et al. A proposal on the first Japanese practical guidance for the return of individual genomic results in research settings. J Hum Genet (2019). doi:10.1038/s10038-019-0697-y
Social and Communicative Functions of Informed Consent Forms in East Asia and Beyond
The recent research and technology development in medical genomics has raised
new issues that are profoundly different from those encountered in traditional clinical
research for which informed consent was developed. Global initiatives for international
collaboration and public participation in genomics research now face an increasing
demand for new forms of informed consent which reflect local contexts. This article
analyzes informed consent forms (ICFs) for genomic research formulated by four
selected research programs and institutes in East Asia – the Medical Genome Science
Program in Japan, Universiti Sains Malaysia Human Research Ethics Committee in
Malaysia, and the Taiwan Biobank and the Taipei Medical University- Joint Institutional
Review Board in Taiwan. The comparative text analysis highlights East Asian contexts
as distinct from other regions by identifying communicative and social functions of
consent forms. The communicative functions include re-contact options and offering
interactive support for research participants, and setting opportunities for family or
community engagement in the consent process. This implies that informed consent
cannot be validated solely with the completion of a consent form at the initial stage
of the research, and informed consent templates can facilitate interactions between
researchers and participants through (even before and after) the research process.
The social functions consist of informing participants of possible social risks that
include genetic discrimination, sample and data sharing, and highlighting the role of
ethics committees. Although international ethics harmonization and the subsequent
coordination of consent forms may be necessary to maintain the quality and consistency
of consent process for data-intensive international research, it is also worth paying more
attention to the local values and different settings that exist where research participants
are situated for research in medical genomics. More than simply tools to gain consent
from research participants, ICFs function rather as a device of social communication
between research communities and civic communities in liaison with intermediary agents
like ethics committees, genetic counselors, and public biobanks and databases
Association between plasma concentration of tolvaptan and urine volume in acute decompensated heart failure patients with fluid overload
Background: Tolvaptan (TLV) is a useful diuretic for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) with fluid overload, but its clinical response varies between patients. The aim of this study is to investigate whether plasma TLV concentrations correlate with the urine volume.
Methods: ADHF inpatients with evidence of fluid overload and total urine volume < 1,500 mL 24 h after initial intravenous administration of 40 mg furosemide were included in the study. On days 1–7, 7.5 mg oral TLV was added. The plasma TLV concentration, plasma renin activity (PRA), and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) were measured on days 1, 3 and 7.
Results: In the 52 patients who completed the protocol, the TLV concentration increased significantly from 67.6 ± 30.1 ng/mL on day 1 to 98.3 ± 39.6 ng/mL on day 3 to 144.8 ± 44.2 ng/mL on day 7, and the TLV concentration correlated with total urine volume on days 3 and 7 (r = 0.392, p < 0.01; r = 0.639, p < 0.001, respectively) but not on day 1. The urine volume correlated inversely with PRA and PAC (r = −0.618, p < 0.05; r = −0.547, p < 0.05, respectively).
Conclusions: Plasma TLV concentrations correlated with the urine volume in late phase of treatment but not in early phase, which suggests that the effect of TLV may possibly be inhibited by renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system activity.
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