Edge detection method based on heat conduction matrix for infrared images

The problems of low-contrast, blurred images, and low-edge details are encountered in infrared images. These undesirable features affect infrared imaging applications in military, science, medicine, and other fields. Therefore, a method of edge detection based on heat conduction matrix (HCM) has been proposed to show or sharpen the edges of objects in infrared images. First, the heat conduction formula of solid and still fluids was applied on the infrared image, and a feature matrix called HCM was obtained. Second, the HCM feature matrix was passed through a threshold to obtain distinct and noise-free edge images. The results of the numerical and visual applications were compared with the Sobel, Canny, and Laplacian of Gaussian methods. The results of our study showed that the proposed method is powerful in detecting edges in infrared images. The most important feature of the method is its high emphasis on important edges as well as thin and distinct edges. (C) 2020 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)WOS:0005902437000182-s2.0-8509236826

Real-time infrared image processing for control and monitoring of greenhouse system

Providing microclimate conditions in greenhouse systems is very important in terms of growing desired products. In addition, remote sensing and data analysis processes need to be developed and expanded to perform fast and perfect monitoring and control in these systems. An application of remote sensing with infrared imaging in greenhouse systems has been developed. It is proposed to obtain the mean temperature inside the greenhouse via infrared images, the air relative humidity with psychrometric chart application, and the soil moisture values with the multiple regression analysis method. The control and monitoring of automatic irrigation, heating, humectation, ventilation, and lighting systems were carried out via the MATLAB-GUI interface. The desired conditions for the carnation plant were ensured in the greenhouse, and 24-h data were obtained. The digital and visual application findings showed that the designed system is more advantageous in terms of ease of use, monitoring, and simultaneous recording compared with the traditional sensor control systems. (C) 2020 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)WOS:00053182470000

Colour image enhancement with brightness preservation and edge sharpening using a heat conduction matrix

In this study, an enhancement process obtained by applying the heat conduction equation of solid and stagnant fluids on colour images is proposed. After the colour channel stretching, the RGB colour image was converted to the HSI model. The heat conduction equation was applied for each pixel on the I channel of the HSI colour model. The elements of the feature matrix called heat conduction matrix (HCM) can have negative, positive or zero values. A pixel with a small negative HCM value indicates that I needs level enhancement for a good image, whereas a small positive HCM value means that the I level value will be reduced and aligned with its neighbours. High positive or negative values are defined as the edges of the objects and the I level values of such pixels are not changed to protect the edges. In addition, whether HCM is negative or positive, the balanced increment and decrement path at a level I ensures that the mean brightness value performs natural protection. Finally, an enhanced image is obtained by transitioning from the HSI to the RGB colour model. Experimental results show that this method can enhance colour image details better than other methods.WOS:0005958003000282-s2.0-8509705174

Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference

Image processing can be defined as analysis of the images consists of the several steps. The edge detection process that is one of these steps can be performed using a variety of operators. Sobel edge detection operator, is a basic operator, is preferred to use with high noisy images because its corruption is insensible on images. The proposed work presents an edge detection algorithm using Sobel operator based on FPGA architecture. Proposed system is designed using IEEE 754-1985 floating-point standard and VHDL hardware description language. Design is synthesized for Xilinx Virtex-6 FPGA chip with 160 MHz operating frequency. The performance is decreed according chip statistics

The Thermodynamic Analysis of the Refrigerants Alternative to R22 in the Vapor Compression Refrigeration System

In this study, the performances of the R417A, R438A, R422A and R422D refrigerants which are alternative to the commonly used and ozone layer-friendly R22 refrigerant are examined according to the first and second law of thermodynamics. Chemours Refrigerant Expert 1.0 and Genetron Properties 1.4 were used for the design of the vapor compression cycle. While the condensing temperature was kept constant during the analyses, the evaporation temperatures were determined according to the EUROVENT conditions (0 degrees C, -8 degrees C, -25 degrees C, -31 degrees C). The parameters calculated according to different evaporation temperatures are the required compressor power, performance coefficient (COP), and the required refrigerant mass flow rate. The results showed that the COP values of the R438A and R417A refrigerants were very close to that of R22. The COP values were 5%, 6%, 15% and 10% lower in R438A, in R471A, in R422A, and in R422D, respectively compared to the R22 refrigerant. The COP values were calculated as 13% for R422D and 17% for R422A. The highest exergy efficiency of the analyzed systems was calculated as 31.74% for R438A, 31% for R417A, 27.46% for R422A, and 29.24% for R422D at -25 degrees C evaporation temperature. The results of our study revealed that among the R417A, R438A, R422A and R422D refrigerants developed as an alternative to R22 refrigerant, the R438A refrigerant had comparatively higher COP values. Also, when the condenser and compressor loads were examined, it was found that the R438A, R417A, R422D and R422A refrigerants yielded the best results, respectively. Among the four alternative refrigerants examined, R438A and R417A were found to be better alternatives to R22 in terms of COP values, exergy efficiency, and exergy destruction.WOS:00058190120002

Performance Assessment of a Refrigeration System Charged with Different Refrigerants Using Infrared Image Processing Techniques

This study aims to investigate the performance of R417A, R422A, R422D and R438A refrigerants as alternatives to R22, in a commercial type refrigeration system operating with R22 refrigerant. To this end, first of all, the cooling capacity and coefficient of performance (COP) values were calculated for all refrigerants used in the experimental setup. Then, two methods were proposed, Pearson's Correlation Similarity Analysis (PCSA) and surface temperature-based COP (COPST), to evaluate the success of each alternative refrigerants, and R22 with infrared image analysis, separately. The COP values obtained for the refrigerants with the mathematical method are R22 4.07, R438A 3.88, R417A 3.63, R422D 3.37, and R422A 3.18, respectively. Both the COP values and the PCSA values (R438A 0.9425, R417A 0.9343, R422D 0.9167 and R422A 0.9080) show the proximity between the R22 refrigerant and other refrigerants. Similarly, the COPST method revealed the values of R22 6.8865, R438A 5.9539, R417A 5.3273, R422D 4.9898 and R422A 4.3057, and the fact that it has the same order with the other two methods demonstrates its operability in the performance test application with the developed infrared image processing. The compatibility of the order in the experimental results obtained from the PCSA and COPST methods and the COP calculation method and has proved that thanks to infrared imaging, the remote performance analysis of the refrigeration system can be successfully performed.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TuBTAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [218M936]This study was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TuBTAK) with the project number 218M936.WOS:0006632463000012-s2.0-8510822867