Disappearing Women Between College and STEM Leadership

STEM is an evolving and ever-growing world with innovations in technology being designed. With the evolution of technology comes assessing the people developing the technology. The people creating and working in technology evolving and growing with diversity? We will look at one aspect of diversity with women to see how they have advanced in STEM. Women have increased in working on college degrees in STEM. We will evaluate the progress of women in the STEM leadership role. With research on women moving into leadership in STEM and what challenges women could be facing working in STEM

ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION OF DIFFUSE SOIL CO2 GAS EMISSIONS ACROSS TURRIALBA AND IRAZÚ VOLCANOES, COSTA RICA

We characterized large-scale volatile emissions across the summit and flanks of the actively degassing Turrialba volcano, Costa Rica, using soil gas flux measurements and 13C isotopes. The objectives of this study were the following: 1) to monitor changes in the magmatic activity and identify source contributions over Turrialba using measurements of CO2 soil gas emissions since the volcano last erupted in 2014-2015, and 2) to identify the location and extent of magma at depth, and the structures that allow gas transport to the surface. Degassing at the summit is concentrated along one normal fault lineament, the trace of which runs through the west active crater and fumarolic fields which lay on either side. The high soil gas flux measured, visible evidence of active degassing through fumaroles, and magmatic δ13C (up to -1.19‰) suggest permeability along this structure that gas follows from magma at depth. δ13C samples collected in and around fumaroles at the summit are more enriched than those collected within an area known for consistent fumarolic activity in the Ariete fault, which has also been used by previous studies as a baseline for hydrothermal-magmatic δ13C signatures (~-3‰). Additionally, there is a higher CH4/CO2 ratio present in the Ariete fault than at the summit. The difference in isotopic signatures between flank and summit fumaroles is interpreted to indicate magmatic-dominated activity at the summit of Turrialba, possibly comparable to that present at the end of the 2014-2015 eruptive cycle. A similar zone of high diffuse degassing with a more hydrothermal carbon isotopic signature (~-4‰) occurs in the depression between Turrialba and Irazú volcanoes, presenting as a hot spring known as Santa Teresa. We hypothesize the origin of CO2 flux in this area to be related either to transport through the hydrological system from higher in the volcanic system or from previously unmapped magma at depth below the depression. More detailed mapping of soil CO2 emissions must be done between Turrialba and Irazú in conjunction with geophysical monitoring to further advance our understanding of the magma distribution and potential magmatic connection between these volcanoes

Assesment of Ammonia Volatility from Fall Surface-Applied Liquid Dairy Manure

Ammonia emissions from dairy and livestock operations are of significant environmental and human health concern in the United States. Conservation of ammonia from fall surface-applied manure could benefit farmers by retaining nitrogen for use by crops in the spring growing season. The primary goal of this research was to investigate a management strategy for mitigating ammonia volatility from cow manure at the time of field application with no incorporation in the fall before snow fall. The hypothesis is that application of manure in cooler fall temperatures will slow the rate of ammonia volatilization. The objective was achieved by measuring temperature and rates of ammonia volatility from surface-applied liquid dairy manure every month over a period of four months from September to December, 2008. Manure was surface-applied to a field cover-cropped with winter rye (Secale cerealeL.) in September. Ammonia emissions were measured using a dynamic chamber method. Colder temperatures significantly reduced rates of volatility and amounts of nitrate found in the soil. However, N-accumulation in the cover crop fluctuated and was not significantly different from month to month. The greatest spring nitrogen retention and lowest rates of ammonia volatility in the fall were from December plots. Surface application of liquid dairy manure should be conducted as late as possible in the fall before snow fall for the least amount of nitrogen loss due to ammonia volatilization. Planting a cover crop at the time of fall harvest in conjunction with a late fall (November or December) manure application is a nutrient management strategy which deserves further investigation

Abrupt Changes in Learning Platforms During a Pandemic

The purpose of this secondary analysis is to explore academic nurse educators’ perceived changes to accommodate learning for undergraduate (UG) nursing education in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this secondary analysis is to investigate three research questions: what perceived changes are needed to accommodate learning, what are new/revised teaching innovations applied for undergraduate (UG) students during the pandemic that may be used post-pandemic, and what are concerns about UG students who will enter the workforce following the pandemic

The Georgia Greenway Guidebook: A Tool for Governments, Communities, and Individuals

The purpose of this guidebook is to provide a tool for local governments, community organizations and individuals that are considering launching or reinvigorating a greenway development project. Section II of this guidebook explains the concept and use of greenways, as well as many of important steps and considerations for developing greenway projects from inception to completion. Potential greenway corridors in Georgia are explored in Section III, such as riparian corridors, interstate and highway rights-of-way, railway corridors, fuel pipeline easements, and transmission line easements along high-tension power lines. Part IV explores aspects of greenway project development, including the need to create a vision statement, identify sources of funding, and develop government partnerships. Land acquisition is discussed at a general level in Part V. Working effectively with landowners and promoting tax incentives available for land donation are highly relevant to all greenway projects. There is also a discussion of Rails-to-Trails program utilization

Learning legacy: lessons learned from the London 2012 Games construction project

Regulatory policy makers have shown an increasing interest in the use of supply chains to improve standards of health and safety. A recent review, however, suggests that although the potential to use supply chains in this positive way exists, in practice it is rarely exploited. This research project assessed supply chain strategies on the Olympic Park and the driving factors behind them. It also considered their transferability - something which is being explored further within an ongoing comparative research project including case studies both within and beyond the construction sector

Year 1 State Report: Massachusetts

This report examines how the state of Massachusetts approached college- and career-ready standards implementation during a time of transition, as it develops the Next-Generation Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System, or the “Next-Gen MCAS,” in 2015–2016. The transition will take place in 2016–2017, with full implementation of the next-generation assessment by the spring of 2017. For the purposes of this report and in keeping with C-SAIL’s focus, the authors concentrate on implementation of Massachusetts’ English language arts (ELA) and math standards