Have MTO Families Lost Access to Opportunity Neighborhoods Over Time?

Reviews research on families who moved to lower-poverty areas through the Moving to Opportunity program, using new data and broader indicators to assess whether their subsequent moves were also to better neighborhoods from which the families benefited

Concentrated Poverty: A Change in Course

Examines how the distribution of concentrated poverty in metropolitan areas has shifted in the past two decades, using data from the Neighborhood Change Database

Population Growth and Decline in City Neighborhoods

Analyzes how neighborhoods in the nation's largest cities grew and declined in the 1990s and how those results compared with patterns of change in the 1980s, based on data from the U.S. Census and the Neighborhood Change Database

Concentrated Poverty: Dynamics of Change

Compares metropolitan census tracts that improved with respect to poverty in the 1990s with those that worsened, looking at the racial composition of both types and in different types of metropolitan areas nationally

Comparative Effectiveness of Step-up Therapies in Children with Asthma Prescribed Inhaled Corticosteroids : A Historical Cohort Study

This work was supported by the Respiratory Effectiveness Group. Acknowledgments We thank the Respiratory Effectiveness Group for funding this work, Annie Burden for assistance with statistics, and Simon Van Rysewyk and Lisa Law for assistance with medical writing.Peer reviewedPostprin

Symbol Designs And Signal Words: Importance In Hazard Statements For Procedures

PresentationSignal words and symbols are often used in hazard statements for procedures to convey safety information to workers. However, little is known about effective display methods for this domain. Two studies were performed, one with a focus on symbol design and another on signal words. For the symbol design, contents of the design (i.e., hazard, consequence, and mitigation) were manipulated to determine any effect on participants’ performance of the mitigation methods. For signal words, workers were asked their interpretation of caution, warning, and notes, which were then coded to determine three main themes of the results. Results indicate that the content of the symbol design had no impact on participants’ performance of the mitigation step and few workers had the correct definitions for the signal words caution and warning. These results suggest the time spent by procedure writer’s determining which signal word is appropriate and what information to provide in hazard symbols is not being spent well and should be used differently

2006 Housing in the Nation's Capital

Explores the interdependent relationship between public school systems and housing markets, and examines the ability of coordinated investment in affordable housing and quality education to revitalize Washington, D.C., metropolitan area neighborhoods

Drought Stress Causes Specific Changes to the Spliceosome and Stress Granule Components.

The spliceosome processes RNAs from a pre-RNA state to a mature mRNA thereby influencing RNA availability for translation, localization, and turnover. It consists of complex structures containing RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) essential for post-transcriptional gene expression control. Here we investigate the dynamic modifications of spliceosomal RBPs under stress and in particular drought stress. We do so by mRNA interactome capture in Arabidopsis thaliana using label free quantitation. This approach identified 44 proteins associated with the spliceosome and further 32 proteins associated with stress granules. We noted a high enrichment in the motifs RDRR and RSRSRS that are characteristic of RNA interacting proteins. Identification of splicing factors reflect direct and/or indirect stress induced splicing events that have a direct effect on transcriptome and proteome changes under stress. Furthermore, detection of stress granule components is consistent with transcriptional arrest. Identification of drought induced stress granule components is critical in determining common abiotic stress-induced foci that can have biotechnological applications. This study may therefore open ways to modify plant stress responses at a systems level through the modification of key spliceosome components

Mutations in the E2 glycoprotein and the 3\u27 untranslated region enhance chikungunya virus virulence in mice

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that causes debilitating musculoskeletal pain and inflammation and can persist for months to years after acute infection. Although studies of humans and experimentally infected animals suggest that CHIKV infection persists in musculoskeletal tissues, the mechanisms for this remain poorly understood. To evaluate this further, we isolated CHIKV from the serum of persistently infected Rag1 -/- mice at day 28. When inoculated into naive wild-type (WT) mice, this persistently circulating CHIKV strain displayed a capacity for earlier dissemination and greater pathogenicity than the parental virus. Sequence analysis revealed a nonsynonymous mutation in the E2 glycoprotein (E2 K200R) and a deletion within the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR). The introduction of these changes into the parental virus conferred enhanced virulence in mice, although primary tropism for musculoskeletal tissues was maintained. The E2 K200R mutation was largely responsible for enhanced viral dissemination and pathogenicity, although these effects were augmented by the 3'- UTR deletion. Finally, studies with Irf3/Irf7 -/- and Ifnar1 -/- mice suggest that the E2 K200R mutation enhances viral dissemination from the site of inoculation independently of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3)-, IRF7-, and IFNAR1-mediated responses. As our findings reveal viral determinants of CHIKV dissemination and pathogenicity, their further study should help to elucidate host-virus interactions that determine acute and chronic CHIKV infection