Community pharmacy as an effective teaching and learning environment: Student perspectives from a UK MPharm programme

Introduction: In order to increase new pharmacists' preparedness for clinical practice, pharmacy education in the United Kingdom (UK) is moving towards a five-year integrated degree incorporating the pre-registration year into the undergraduate programme. The purpose of this research is to explore masters of pharmacy (MPharm) student attitudes towards experiential learning and assess community pharmacy as a teaching and learning environment. Methods: MPharm students (n=857) at one UK pharmacy school were invited to complete an online questionnaire. Responses were statistically analysed while open comments were thematically analysed. Results: Students were positive about placement organisation, with over 80% agreeing the pharmacist and support staff were enthusiastic and well-prepared. However, 62% of respondents felt they were unable to interact with patients on placements and instead spent time completing pre-determined learning tasks. Seventy-seven percent felt these tasks limited real “hands-on” experiences. Although 78% of respondents believed placements provided a valuable learning experience, only 18% thought placements prepared them for post-graduate employment. Conclusions: Community pharmacy environments are often busy and unpredictable, and experiential learning should be designed to allow better exposure to clinical practice with less predefined learning. Placements should allow for more collaborative working between universities and employers and incorporate the use of learning standards. This would represent a move towards a five-year integrated degree and a better understanding of the associated challenges involved

The genomic Make-Up of a Hybrid Species - Analysis of the Invasive Cottus Lineage (Pisces, Teleostei) in the River Rhine system

In the past years a new invasive lineage of sculpins (Cottus species complex) has been studied that is currently expanding in the Lower River Rhine. Molecular analysis showed that this lineage has originated through hybridization of Cottus perifretum from the River Scheldt and Cottus rhenanus from the Lower River Rhine system. The emergence of the hybrid lineage is correlated with new habitat adaptations that allow the expansion along river habitats that have previously not been used by Cottus. Thus the question arises, if the hybridization event facilitated the invasion of and the adaptation to such a new environment. To start tackling this question an estimate is required how much each of the parental species contributed to the hybrid genome and which chromosomal fragments became fixed. Several genomic resources had to be developed in order to map the ancestries of chromosomal fragments in the hybrid genome. As a basic genomic resource for Cottus a genetic map based on already established microsatellite markers was created. This map was compared with the physical maps of sequenced fish genomes and a high degree of conserved synteny between Cottus and Tetraodon nigroviridis and between Cottus and Gasterosteus aculeatus could be detected. These model fish genomes could then be used as a reference in the further analysis of the Cottus genome. Finally, a set of ancestry-informative markers was developed in order to determine the ancestries of chromosomal fragments in the hybrid lineage. These tools allowed to map the hybrid genome and to assess the contribution of each parental species to the hybrid lineage. 25 genomic fragments could be identified that were fixed for material from only one parental species and thus might harbor genes that are relevant for the specific adaptations in the hybrid species

Teensites.com: A Field Guide to the New Digital Landscape

A 2001 report from the Center for Media Education, provided here as background to work produced by Kathryn Montgomery after coming to American University and CSM (see http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/resources/publications/ecitizens/index2.htm -- Youth as E-Citizens'), surveys the burgeoning digital media culture directed at -- and in some cases created by -- teens.This report surveys the burgeoning new media culture directed at -- and in some cases created by -- teens. TeenSites.com -- A Field Guide to the New Digital Landscape examines the uniquely interactive nature of the new media, and explores the ways in which teens are at once shaping and being shaped by the electronic culture that surrounds them

Teaching “Against Marriage," or, "But, Professor, marriage isn't a contract!"

In this contribution, I advocate diminishing the vision of marriage as an isolated and perfectly free choice between two individuals in love, in order to unseat the extent to which students resist the view that marriage is, among other things, a social contract. I summarize views of Immanuel Kant and Claudia Card, then describe my class presentation of the social significance of marriage. I conclude that students at an individualistic and self-creating point in their lives can be under-appreciative of what their public avowals mean to others, and marriage, in one sense, is indeed public

Our So-Called Illustrious Past

I went to London not to see the queen, but to find the Dutch baronet from whom we were all descended. I went as my father and forefathers and foremothers had done, to turn the crackling pages of a parish register and put my finger on our name. I went with an image of Gualter de Raedt, a young Dutchman in 1660, boarding a ship to accompany Charles the Second back to England, where monarchy would be restored. The fleet of thirteen ships sailed from Schevinengen on a flat gray sea as fifty thousand people stood on the beach to watch. Our man, our first identifiable forefather, our target of international inquiry, entered London with Charles on a Tuesday in May, the streets lined with observers, the horses plumed with French feathers, and was created (and here our family springs into being) Baronet the very next day. Charles owed rather a lot of favors, having raised an army which he could not pay, an ill-disciplined hungry army of 2,500 men, and so when he triumphally entered London, with a detailed contract for his employ ment as king, called elegantly the Declaration of Breda, and having ordered such household necessities as a velvet bed, he felt the urgency of dispens ing honors, in some cases instead of money, and so our man became Sir Gualter de Raedt, of the Hague. Sir Walter, the family bible-keepers called him, anglicizing his name, Sir Walter Rhett. We come down from Sir Walter Rhett, who was Dutch, wrote a family historian, who was (and this part is underlined) of the oldest and purest nobility that Europe can boast. Thus my introduction to the fantasies of genealogists. [excerpt

Rational homotopy theory: a brief introduction

These notes contain a brief introduction to rational homotopy theory: its model category foundations, the Sullivan model and interactions with the theory of local commutative rings.Comment: A slight revision (some minor errors corrected) of lecture notes from a minicourse given in the summer school "Interactions between Homotopy Theory and Algebra," August 2004. (28 pages