Boolean decision problems with competing interactions on scale-free networks: Critical thermodynamics

We study the critical behavior of Boolean variables on scale-free networks with competing interactions (Ising spin glasses). Our analytical results for the disorder-network-decay-exponent phase diagram are verified using Monte Carlo simulations. When the probability of positive (ferromagnetic) and negative (antiferromagnetic) interactions is the same, the system undergoes a finite-temperature spin-glass transition if the exponent that describes the decay of the interaction degree in the scale-free graph is strictly larger than 3. However, when the exponent is equal to or less than 3, a spin-glass phase is stable for all temperatures. The robustness of both the ferromagnetic and spin-glass phases suggests that Boolean decision problems on scale-free networks are quite stable to local perturbations. Finally, we show that for a given decay exponent spin glasses on scale-free networks seem to obey universality. Furthermore, when the decay exponent of the interaction degree is larger than 4 in the spin-glass sector, the universality class is the same as for the mean-field Sherrington-Kirkpatrick Ising spin glass.Comment: 14 pages, lots of figures and 2 table

Critical behavior and universality in Levy spin glasses

Using large-scale Monte Carlo simulations that combine parallel tempering with specialized cluster updates, we show that Ising spin glasses with Levy-distributed interactions share the same universality class as Ising spin glasses with Gaussian or bimodal-distributed interactions. Corrections to scaling are large for Levy spin glasses. In order to overcome these and show that the critical exponents agree with the Gaussian case, we perform an extended scaling of the two-point finite size correlation length and the spin glass susceptibility. Furthermore, we compute the critical temperature and compare its dependence on the disorder distribution width to recent analytical predictions [J. Stat. Mech. (2008) P04006].Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, 2 table

Stability of the replica-symmetric saddle-point in general mean-field spin-glass models

Within the replica approach to mean-field spin-glasses the transition from ergodic high-temperature behaviour to the glassy low-temperature phase is marked by the instability of the replica-symmetric saddle-point. For general spin-glass models with non-Gaussian field distributions the corresponding Hessian is a $2^n\times 2^n$ matrix with the number $n$ of replicas tending to zero eventually. We block-diagonalize this Hessian matrix using representation theory of the permutation group and identify the blocks related to the spin-glass susceptibility. Performing the limit $n\to 0$ within these blocks we derive expressions for the de~Almeida-Thouless line of general spin-glass models. Specifying these expressions to the cases of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick, Viana-Bray, and the L\'evy spin glass respectively we obtain results in agreement with previous findings using the cavity approach

Multiple Myeloma Treatment in Real-world Clinical Practice : Results of a Prospective, Multinational, Noninterventional Study

Funding Information: The authors would like to thank all patients and their families and all the EMMOS investigators for their valuable contributions to the study. The authors would like to acknowledge Robert Olie for his significant contribution to the EMMOS study. Writing support during the development of our report was provided by Laura Mulcahy and Catherine Crookes of FireKite, an Ashfield company, a part of UDG Healthcare plc, which was funded by Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, and Janssen Global Services, LLC. The EMMOS study was supported by research funding from Janssen Pharmaceutical NV and Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Funding Information: The authors would like to thank all patients and their families and all the EMMOS investigators for their valuable contributions to the study. The authors would like to acknowledge Robert Olie for his significant contribution to the EMMOS study. Writing support during the development of our report was provided by Laura Mulcahy and Catherine Crookes of FireKite, an Ashfield company, a part of UDG Healthcare plc, which was funded by Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, and Janssen Global Services, LLC. The EMMOS study was supported by research funding from Janssen Pharmaceutical NV and Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Funding Information: M.M. has received personal fees from Janssen, Celgene, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Sanofi, Novartis, and Takeda and grants from Janssen and Sanofi during the conduct of the study. E.T. has received grants from Janssen and personal fees from Janssen and Takeda during the conduct of the study, and grants from Amgen, Celgene/Genesis, personal fees from Amgen, Celgene/Genesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, and Glaxo-Smith Kline outside the submitted work. M.V.M. has received personal fees from Janssen, Celgene, Amgen, and Takeda outside the submitted work. M.C. reports honoraria from Janssen, outside the submitted work. M. B. reports grants from Janssen Cilag during the conduct of the study. M.D. has received honoraria for participation on advisory boards for Janssen, Celgene, Takeda, Amgen, and Novartis. H.S. has received honoraria from Janssen-Cilag, Celgene, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, and Takeda outside the submitted work. V.P. reports personal fees from Janssen during the conduct of the study and grants, personal fees, and nonfinancial support from Amgen, grants and personal fees from Sanofi, and personal fees from Takeda outside the submitted work. W.W. has received personal fees and grants from Amgen, Celgene, Novartis, Roche, Takeda, Gilead, and Janssen and nonfinancial support from Roche outside the submitted work. J.S. reports grants and nonfinancial support from Janssen Pharmaceutical during the conduct of the study. V.L. reports funding from Janssen Global Services LLC during the conduct of the study and study support from Janssen-Cilag and Pharmion outside the submitted work. A.P. reports employment and shareholding of Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) during the conduct of the study. C.C. reports employment at Janssen-Cilag during the conduct of the study. C.F. reports employment at Janssen Research and Development during the conduct of the study. F.T.B. reports employment at Janssen-Cilag during the conduct of the study. The remaining authors have stated that they have no conflicts of interest. Publisher Copyright: © 2018 The AuthorsMultiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease, with little information available on its management in real-world clinical practice. The results of the present prospective, noninterventional observational study revealed great diversity in the treatment regimens used to treat MM. Our results also provide data to inform health economic, pharmacoepidemiologic, and outcomes research, providing a framework for the design of protocols to improve the outcomes of patients with MM. Background: The present prospective, multinational, noninterventional study aimed to document and describe real-world treatment regimens and disease progression in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Patients and Methods: Adult patients initiating any new MM therapy from October 2010 to October 2012 were eligible. A multistage patient/site recruitment model was applied to minimize the selection bias; enrollment was stratified by country, region, and practice type. The patient medical and disease features, treatment history, and remission status were recorded at baseline, and prospective data on treatment, efficacy, and safety were collected electronically every 3 months. Results: A total of 2358 patients were enrolled. Of these patients, 775 and 1583 did and did not undergo stem cell transplantation (SCT) at any time during treatment, respectively. Of the patients in the SCT and non-SCT groups, 49%, 21%, 14%, and 15% and 57%, 20%, 12% and 10% were enrolled at treatment line 1, 2, 3, and ≥ 4, respectively. In the SCT and non-SCT groups, 45% and 54% of the patients had received bortezomib-based therapy without thalidomide/lenalidomide, 12% and 18% had received thalidomide/lenalidomide-based therapy without bortezomib, and 30% and 4% had received bortezomib plus thalidomide/lenalidomide-based therapy as frontline treatment, respectively. The corresponding proportions of SCT and non-SCT patients in lines 2, 3, and ≥ 4 were 45% and 37%, 30% and 37%, and 12% and 3%, 33% and 27%, 35% and 32%, and 8% and 2%, and 27% and 27%, 27% and 23%, and 6% and 4%, respectively. In the SCT and non-SCT patients, the overall response rate was 86% to 97% and 64% to 85% in line 1, 74% to 78% and 59% to 68% in line 2, 55% to 83% and 48% to 60% in line 3, and 49% to 65% and 36% and 45% in line 4, respectively, for regimens that included bortezomib and/or thalidomide/lenalidomide. Conclusion: The results of our prospective study have revealed great diversity in the treatment regimens used to manage MM in real-life practice. This diversity was linked to factors such as novel agent accessibility and evolving treatment recommendations. Our results provide insight into associated clinical benefits.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

When compassion becomes suffering : How traumatic incidents affect nurses and how they cope with arising feelings.

Sammanfattning: Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskor kan konfronteras med traumatiska händelser i sitt dagliga arbete. Dessa händelser kan leda till en fara för sjuksköterskors hälsa i form av posttraumatiskt stressyndrom (PTSD), sekundär traumatisk stress (STS) eller utbrändhet. Hanteringsstrategier är individuella och har en stor betydelse för sjuksköterskors återhämtning. Syfte: Hur påverkas sjuksköterskor av traumatiska händelser och hur hanterar de uppkomna känslor. Metod: En kvalitativ innehållsanalys valdes som metod där 14 bloggar analyserades. Sökningen genomfördes osystematiskt via sökmotorn Google. Analysen resulterade i två kategorier och sju underkategorier. Resultat: Sjuksköterskor kände en fysisk och emotionell utmattning på grund av de traumatiska upplevelserna. Personligheten förändrades. Att stänga av sina känslor eller att frigöra sig från dem var möjliga hanteringsstrategier. En positiv inställning till livet samt acceptans av egna känslor, sammanhållning i team och erfarenhet har bidragit positivt i hanteringsprocessen. Slutsats: Genom att sjuksköterskor upplever traumatiska händelser i sitt arbete är risken för ohälsa stor. Utbrändhet och PTSD kan utvecklas hos sjuksköterskor och påverkar vårdandet negativt. Klinisk betydelse: Studiens resultat kan användas av verksamhetschefer och sjuksköterskor för att öka kunskapen i området. Programansvariga på högskolor kan inkludera studien i utbildningsinnehållet för att även förbereda studenter inför sin kommande praktik. Summary: Background: Nurses can be confronted with traumatic events in their daily work. These events can lead to danger to nurses' health in the forms of posttraumatic stress syndrom, secondary traumatic stress or burnout. Management strategies are individual and have a significant importance to nurses’ recovery. Purpose: How traumatic incidents affect nurses and how they cope with arising feelings. Method: A qualitative content analysis was chosen as a method where 14 blogs were analyzed. The search was carried out unsystematically through the Google search engine. The analysis resulted in two main categories and seven subcategories. Result: The nurses felt a physical and emotional exhaustion because of their traumatic experiences. The personality changed. Turning off their emotions or to free themselves from them were possible management strategies. A positive attitude to life and acceptance of their own feelings and cohesion in the team has contributed positively in the management process. Conclusion: Traumatic events process a major risk to nurses’ health. They may develop burnout or PTSD that may affect caring negatively. Clinical significance: The research results can be used by business managers and nurses to increase knowledge to the area. Editors in charge in colleges can include this study for educational purposes in order to prepare students for future practice

When compassion becomes suffering : How traumatic incidents affect nurses and how they cope with arising feelings.

Sammanfattning: Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskor kan konfronteras med traumatiska händelser i sitt dagliga arbete. Dessa händelser kan leda till en fara för sjuksköterskors hälsa i form av posttraumatiskt stressyndrom (PTSD), sekundär traumatisk stress (STS) eller utbrändhet. Hanteringsstrategier är individuella och har en stor betydelse för sjuksköterskors återhämtning. Syfte: Hur påverkas sjuksköterskor av traumatiska händelser och hur hanterar de uppkomna känslor. Metod: En kvalitativ innehållsanalys valdes som metod där 14 bloggar analyserades. Sökningen genomfördes osystematiskt via sökmotorn Google. Analysen resulterade i två kategorier och sju underkategorier. Resultat: Sjuksköterskor kände en fysisk och emotionell utmattning på grund av de traumatiska upplevelserna. Personligheten förändrades. Att stänga av sina känslor eller att frigöra sig från dem var möjliga hanteringsstrategier. En positiv inställning till livet samt acceptans av egna känslor, sammanhållning i team och erfarenhet har bidragit positivt i hanteringsprocessen. Slutsats: Genom att sjuksköterskor upplever traumatiska händelser i sitt arbete är risken för ohälsa stor. Utbrändhet och PTSD kan utvecklas hos sjuksköterskor och påverkar vårdandet negativt. Klinisk betydelse: Studiens resultat kan användas av verksamhetschefer och sjuksköterskor för att öka kunskapen i området. Programansvariga på högskolor kan inkludera studien i utbildningsinnehållet för att även förbereda studenter inför sin kommande praktik. Summary: Background: Nurses can be confronted with traumatic events in their daily work. These events can lead to danger to nurses' health in the forms of posttraumatic stress syndrom, secondary traumatic stress or burnout. Management strategies are individual and have a significant importance to nurses’ recovery. Purpose: How traumatic incidents affect nurses and how they cope with arising feelings. Method: A qualitative content analysis was chosen as a method where 14 blogs were analyzed. The search was carried out unsystematically through the Google search engine. The analysis resulted in two main categories and seven subcategories. Result: The nurses felt a physical and emotional exhaustion because of their traumatic experiences. The personality changed. Turning off their emotions or to free themselves from them were possible management strategies. A positive attitude to life and acceptance of their own feelings and cohesion in the team has contributed positively in the management process. Conclusion: Traumatic events process a major risk to nurses’ health. They may develop burnout or PTSD that may affect caring negatively. Clinical significance: The research results can be used by business managers and nurses to increase knowledge to the area. Editors in charge in colleges can include this study for educational purposes in order to prepare students for future practice

When weather wounds workers: The impact of temperature on workplace accidents

We study the effects of temperature on occupational health using administrative data on Swiss occupational accidents from 1996 to 2019. Our results imply that on hot days (Tmax Ï 30 degrees Celsius) the number of occupational accidents increases by 7.4% and on ice days (Tmax < 0 degrees Celsius) by 6.3%, relative to mild days. We find that extreme temperatures cause an average of 2,600 workplace accidents each year, accounting for 1% of annual accidents. We provide suggestive evidence for insufficient sleep on hot days as a mechanism. While extreme temperatures worsen occupational health, we observe limited labor supply adaption for most workers