Post-Newtonian Gravitational Radiation

1 Introduction 2 Multipole Decomposition 3 Source Multipole Moments 4 Post-Minkowskian Approximation 5 Radiative Multipole Moments 6 Post-Newtonian Approximation 7 Point-Particles 8 ConclusionComment: 46 pages, in Einstein's Field Equations and Their Physical Implications, B. Schmidt (Ed.), Lecture Notes in Physics, Springe

Future and potential spending on health 2015-40: Development assistance for health, and government, prepaid private, and out-of-pocket health spending in 184 countries

Background: The amount of resources, particularly prepaid resources, available for health can affect access to health care and health outcomes. Although health spending tends to increase with economic development, tremendous variation exists among health financing systems. Estimates of future spending can be beneficial for policy makers and planners, and can identify financing gaps. In this study, we estimate future gross domestic product (GDP), all-sector government spending, and health spending disaggregated by source, and we compare expected future spending to potential future spending. Methods: We extracted GDP, government spending in 184 countries from 1980-2015, and health spend data from 1995-2014. We used a series of ensemble models to estimate future GDP, all-sector government spending, development assistance for health, and government, out-of-pocket, and prepaid private health spending through 2040. We used frontier analyses to identify patterns exhibited by the countries that dedicate the most funding to health, and used these frontiers to estimate potential health spending for each low-income or middle-income country. All estimates are inflation and purchasing power adjusted. Findings: We estimated that global spending on health will increase from US$9.21 trillion in 2014 to$24.24 trillion (uncertainty interval [UI] 20.47-29.72) in 2040. We expect per capita health spending to increase fastest in upper-middle-income countries, at 5.3% (UI 4.1-6.8) per year. This growth is driven by continued growth in GDP, government spending, and government health spending. Lower-middle income countries are expected to grow at 4.2% (3.8-4.9). High-income countries are expected to grow at 2.1% (UI 1.8-2.4) and low-income countries are expected to grow at 1.8% (1.0-2.8). Despite this growth, health spending per capita in low-income countries is expected to remain low, at $154 (UI 133-181) per capita in 2030 and$195 (157-258) per capita in 2040. Increases in national health spending to reach the level of the countries who spend the most on health, relative to their level of economic development, would mean $321 (157-258) per capita was available for health in 2040 in low-income countries. Interpretation: Health spending is associated with economic development but past trends and relationships suggest that spending will remain variable, and low in some low-resource settings. Policy change could lead to increased health spending, although for the poorest countries external support might remain essential

Factors Associated with Revision Surgery after Internal Fixation of Hip Fractures

Background: Femoral neck fractures are associated with high rates of revision surgery after management with internal fixation. Using data from the Fixation using Alternative Implants for the Treatment of Hip fractures (FAITH) trial evaluating methods of internal fixation in patients with femoral neck fractures, we investigated associations between baseline and surgical factors and the need for revision surgery to promote healing, relieve pain, treat infection or improve function over 24 months postsurgery. Additionally, we investigated factors associated with (1) hardware removal and (2) implant exchange from cancellous screws (CS) or sliding hip screw (SHS) to total hip arthroplasty, hemiarthroplasty, or another internal fixation device. Methods: We identified 15 potential factors a priori that may be associated with revision surgery, 7 with hardware removal, and 14 with implant exchange. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses in our investigation. Results: Factors associated with increased risk of revision surgery included: female sex, [hazard ratio (HR) 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-2.50; P = 0.001], higher body mass index (fo

Lipids of Serratia marcescens

Cells of Serratia marcescens, whether pigmented or unpigmented, contained 10\u201311% of methanol\u2013chloroform extractable lipids (dry weight basis) and <\u20021% of bound lipids. The extractable lipids contained 34\u201343% phosphatides, 3\u201311% unsaponifiable material, and 2\u20135% free fatty acid. The phosphatides contained high proportions of phosphatidyl ethanolamine and smaller amounts of phosphatidyl serine, polyglycerol phosphatides, phosphatidyl glycerol, and an unidentified ninhydrin-positive phosphatide probably associated with ornithine and other amino acids found in the lipid hydrolyzate.The fatty acids were found to consist largely of palmitic, C17- and C19-cyclopropane and C16- and C18-monoenoic acids. The proportions of monoenoic and cyclopropane acids were found to vary greatly with the age of the cultures; in the early stages of growth, regardless of pigmentation, low amounts of cyclopropane acids and high amounts of monoenoic acid were present, the latter being converted almost completely to cyclopropane acids during the active growth phase.The lipids associated with extracellular lipopolysaccharide material were similar in composition to the cellular lipids.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

‘We want to see something different (but not too

This article highlights the role of sexual orientation in the social transmutation of space, thereby illustrating how certain landscapes, generally characterised by heteronormativity, are queered by cultural phenomena such as the Pink Loerie Mardi Gras (PLMG) in Knysna. It is, however, not the intent of this article to describe the processes of producing queer space in a ‘celebratory’ tone only, but also to investigate the manner in which hierarchies of race, class, gender and especially sexual orientation are sometimes re-asserted in relation to such spatial practices. The powerladen binaries initially disrupted by the queering of space can, in fact, revert when the PLMG is employed as a mechanism that attempts to control, discipline or even normalise queer bodies. It seems that capitalist role-players (such as corporate sponsors and other stakeholders in the tourism industry) seek to manage the PLMG in terms of ‘how much’ space it occupies, who is represented and therefore included or excluded from this space. This leads one to critique the supposed ‘Otherness’ of the PLMG, because if it is influenced by prejudiced ideologies of consumerism and cosmopolitanism that ultimately operate in favour of heteronormativity and what it considers to be ‘different enough’, then to what extent can the festival legitimately or freely call itself ‘queer’?http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rcrc20gv201

Editorial: paradigmatic and geographic diversity in marketing theory and practice

In this issue we are fortunate to present a variety of studies that reflect some of the most interesting and innovative writing today. Our first contribution comes from a seminal thinker on marketing theory and consumer practice. Sidney Levy has been at the intellectual forefront of marketing and consumer research since the mid- 1940s, rising to prominence courtesy of a series of major publications in influential outlets that continue all the way to the present day (e.g. Levy & Kellstadt, in press). Levy is viewed by many within consumer research as one of the founding fathers of qualitative, consumer culture studies (Arnould & Thompson, 2005). Cementing this status, his name is now attached to an award that aims to promote advances in interpretive and consumer culture research (see: http://www.levyaward.org/)