Psychosocial process in mothers with depressed mood who continue to fulfill their parenting responsibilities

13301甲第4702号博士（保健学）金沢大学博士論文本文Full 以下に掲載：Journal of Wellness and Health Care 41(2) pp.9-22 2018. Wellness and Health Care Society. 共著者：Miho Katayama , Kazuyo Kitaok

抑うつ状態にある母親の育児継続に関する心理社会的プロセス

Objectives: To explore the psychosocial process in mothers that continue to fulfill their parenting responsibilities despite a depressed mood.Methods: Semi-structured interviews were performed with 11 mothers with suspected depression based on Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale （≥ 9） or with strong anxiety about parenting that was detected at the 1-month postpartum examination or the 2 ‒ 4-month newborn house visit. The grounded theory approach was used for the analysis.Results: The mothers found , and ultimately reached a state of either or through various routes. For example, depressed mothers, without help from their own mother and/or husband, felt lonely and isolated in . Gaining «awareness of the current situation» was a decisive point. Those that gained awareness of their own effort became able to have a and , while those that did not gain awareness of their own effort underwent , leading to . Upon encounters with difficult during parenting, the lack of immediately led depressed mothers to .Discussion: Mothers with depressed mood, without support, have limited capability to continue fulfilling their parenting responsibilities. The results of this study suggest that depressed mothers require support to prevent exhaustion from their own mothers, psychological support from their husbands, and support to reduce the sense of loneliness and isolation from their social networks.目的：抑うつ状態にありながらも育児を継続している母親の心理社会的プロセスを明らかにする。方法：産後 1 か月健診時または生後２～４か月の新生児家庭訪問時、エジンバラ産後うつ病自己調査票による抑うつ状態が疑われる 9 点以上の高得点者あるいは、育児不安が強く抑うつ傾向が高いと判断された母親 11 名に半構成的面接を行った。分析にはグラウンデッド・セオリー・アプローチを用いた。結果：抑うつ状態にある母親は、日々≪子どもへの対応の困難さ≫を感じていたが、その後に辿るプロセスはさまざまな形を呈しており、最終的に≪できない自分の自覚≫あるいは ≪子どもの対応への自信≫のどちらかに至っていた。母親は身近にいる実母や夫からの支援や理解が無いと≪自分ひとりの育児≫となり、孤独な孤立した育児となっていた。しかし、育児プロセスの中で【現状への気づき】ができるかどうかが重要な分岐点となっていた。現状の自分の頑張りに気づけた場合は≪気持ちの切り替え≫ができ≪子どもの対応への自信≫となっていた。自分の頑張りに気づけなかった場合は≪あきらめの育児≫となり≪できない自分の自覚≫となっていた。また育児中、対処困難な≪突発的な出来事≫が起こった時、≪ソーシャルサポートとつながる≫ことができないと、直ちに≪できない自分の自覚≫となっていた。考察：抑うつ状態にある母親が自ら持つ育児能力だけで育児を継続するには限界がある。抑うつ状態にある母親が安定して育児継続できるためには、支援者である実母には疲弊防止の支援、夫には精神的サポート、ソーシャルサポートには孤独感・孤立感の解消が求められていることが示唆された

Expression of human mutant cyclin dependent kinase 4, Cyclin D and telomerase extends the life span but does not immortalize fibroblasts derived from loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta)

Conservation of the genetic resources of endangered animals is crucial for future generations. The loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) is a critically endangered species, because of human hunting, hybridisation with other sea turtle species, and infectious diseases. In the present study, we established primary fibroblast cell lines from the loggerhead sea turtle, and showed its species specific chromosome number is 2n = 56, which is identical to that of the hawksbill and olive ridley sea turtles. We first showed that intensive hybridization among multiple sea turtle species caused due to the identical chromosome number, which allows existence of stable hybridization among the multiple sea turtle species. Expressions of human-derived mutant Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and Cyclin D dramatically extended the cell culture period, when it was compared with the cell culture period of wild type cells. The recombinant fibroblast cell lines maintained the normal chromosome condition and morphology, indicating that, at the G1/S phase, the machinery to control the cellular proliferation is evolutionally conserved among various vertebrates. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the functional conservation to overcome the negative feedback system to limit the turn over of the cell cycle between mammalian and reptiles. Our cell culture method will enable the sharing of cells from critically endangered animals as research materials

日本の病院に勤務する看護師の職務満足と就業継続意思との関係

Objectives: This study examined the relationship between job satisfaction and intention to remain in the nursing profession among hospital nurses.Method: A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among nurses working at a hospital to evaluate their attributes, intention to remain, and job satisfaction levels. The Revised Job Satisfaction Inventory for Nurses (JSN-R) was used to assess job satisfaction levels.Results: Multiple regression analysis of 406 valid responses extracted explanatory variables for nursesʼ intention to remain in their profession from 16 subscales of the JSN-R. Significant relationships were observed for the following: “Intention to remain in the same department” with “Collaborative relationship among nursing team,” “Amount of work,” “Salary,” and “Work environment”; “Intention to remain in the same hospital” with “Relationship with superiors,” “Relationship with hospital staff other than physicians,” and “Salary”; and “Intention to remain in the nursing profession” with “Relationship with hospital staff other than physicians,” “Salary,” and “Exercising your abilities.” Conclusion: This study indicated that there is a relationship between job satisfaction among nurses and intention to remain in the nursing profession.目的：病院勤務の看護師を対象に，職務満足と就業継続意思との関係を明らかにした。 方法：一病院に勤務の看護師に自己記入式質問紙調査を実施し，属性・就業継続意思・職務満足について尋ねた。 職務満足は改訂版看護師職務満足尺度（JSN-R）を用いた。 結果：有効データ 406 票に重回帰分析を行い，JSN-R の 16 下位尺度から就業継続意思を説明する変数を抽出した。 「今勤務している部署で，働き続けたい」には看護チームの協力関係，業務量，給与，労働環境が，「今勤務している病院で，働き続けたい」には上司との関係，医師以外の他職種との関係，給与が，「看護師として，働き続けたい」には医師以外の他職種との関係，給与，能力の発揮が各々有意となった。 結論：本研究において、看護師の職務満足と就業継続意思との間にはある関連が認められることが明らかとなった

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Methanothermobacter themautotrophicus ΔH in Pure Culture and in Co-Culture with a Butyrate-Oxidizing Bacterium

To understand the physiological basis of methanogenic archaea living on interspecies H2 transfer, the protein expression of a hydrogenotrophic methanogen, Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus strain ΔH, was investigated in both pure culture and syntrophic coculture with an anaerobic butyrate oxidizer Syntrophothermus lipocalidus strain TGB-C1 as an H2 supplier. Comparative proteomic analysis showed that global protein expression of methanogen cells in the model coculture was substantially different from that of pure cultured cells. In brief, in syntrophic coculture, although methanogenesis-driven energy generation appeared to be maintained by shifting the pathway to the alternative methyl coenzyme M reductase isozyme I and cofactor F420-dependent process, the machinery proteins involved in carbon fixation, amino acid synthesis, and RNA/DNA metabolisms tended to be down-regulated, indicating restrained cell growth rather than vigorous proliferation. In addition, our proteome analysis revealed that α subunits of proteasome were differentially acetylated between the two culture conditions. Since the relevant modification has been suspected to regulate proteolytic activity of the proteasome, the global protein turnover rate could be controlled under syntrophic growth conditions. To our knowledge, the present study is the first report on N-acetylation of proteasome subunits in methanogenic archaea. These results clearly indicated that physiological adaptation of hydrogenotrophic methanogens to syntrophic growth is more complicated than that of hitherto proposed