4,123 research outputs found
Asymptotic pointwise behavior for systems of semilinear wave equations in three space dimensions
In connection with the weak null condition, Alinhac introduced a sufficient
condition for global existence of small amplitude solutions to systems of
semilinear wave equations in three space dimensions. We introduce a slightly
weaker sufficient condition for the small data global existence, and we
investigate the asymptotic pointwise behavior of global solutions for systems
satisfying this condition. As an application, the asymptotic behavior of global
solutions under the Alinhac condition is also derived.Comment: 56 pages, the final versio
Three-Dimensional Dirac Electrons at the Fermi Energy in Cubic Inverse Perovskites: Ca_3PbO and its Family
The band structure of cubic inverse perovskites, Ca_3PbO and its family, are
investigated with the first-principles method. A close observation of the band
structure reveals that six equivalent Dirac electrons with a very small mass
exist on the line connecting the Gamma- and X-points, and at the symmetrically
equivalent points in the Brillouin zone. The discovered Dirac electrons are
three-dimensional and remarkably located exactly at the Fermi energy. A
tight-binding model describing the low-energy band structure is also
constructed and used to discuss the origin of the Dirac electrons in this
material. Materials related to Ca_3PbO are also studied, and some design
principles for the Dirac electrons in this series of materials are proposed.Comment: 4.2 pages, refined versio
Coherent Acoustic Perturbation of Second-Harmonic-Generation in NiO
We investigate the structural and magnetic origins of the unusual ultrafast
second-harmonicgeneration (SHG) response of femtosecond-laser-excited nickel
oxide (NiO) previously attributed to oscillatory reorientation dynamics of the
magnetic structure induced by d-d excitations. Using time-resolved x-ray
diffraction from the (3/2 3/2 3/2) magnetic planes, we show that changes in the
magnitude of the magnetic structure factor following ultrafast optical
excitation are limited to = 1.5% in the first 30 ps. An
extended investigation of the ultrafast SHG response reveals a strong
dependence on wavelength as well as characteristic echoes, both of which give
evidence for an acoustic origin of the dynamics. We therefore propose an
alternative mechanism for the SHG response based on perturbations of the
nonlinear susceptibility via optically induced strain in a spatially confined
medium. In this model, the two observed oscillation periods can be understood
as the times required for an acoustic strain wave to traverse one coherence
length of the SHG process in either the collinear or anti-collinear geometries.Comment: 26 pages, 7 figure
Seedling characteristics and retention of current photosynthates in leaves in relation to initial growth in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) and cowpea (Vigna sinensis Endl.)
Improved varieties of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) still retain some growth characteristics of perennial types of wild species such as slow seedling growth and rato on ability which are considered to be major yield-restricting characteristics when the growth period is shortened. Studies on the physiological background of slow initial growth may help improve the potential productivity of short-duration pigeonpea. It was found that the low seedling vigor of pigeonpea could be ascribed to the small seed size (Narayanan et al. 1981; Brakke and Gardner 1987), low rate of photosynthetic CO2 fixation (Rawson and Constable 1981), and low rates of metabolic processes (Huber and Hanson 1992; Ito et al. 1996). However, few authors have related the slow growth to the retention of current photosynthates and leaf respiration during the night. In contrast, seedling growth of cowpea (Vigna sinensis Endl.) was reported to be vigorous (Brakke and Gardner 1987).
The objectives of this study were to characterize the initial growth of pigeonpea in comparison with cowpea. Two experiments were carried out, one dealing with growth analysis and the other with O2 uptake of leaf and retention of current photosynthates during the night
Raman Scattering Spectra of Elementary Electronic Excitations in Coupled Double-Quantum Well Structures
Using the time-dependent-local-density-approximation (TDLDA) within a
self-consistent linear response theory, we calculate the elementary excitation
energies and the associated inelastic light-scattering spectra of a strongly
coupled two-component plasma in a double-quantum well system with electron
occupation of symmetric and antisymmetric subbands. We find, consistent with
the results of a recent experimental Raman scattering study, that the
intersubband spin density excitations tend to merge with the single particle
excitations (i.e. the excitonic shift decreases monotonically) as the Fermi
energy increases beyond the symmetric-antisymmetric energy gap
. However, our TDLDA calculation does not show the abrupt
suppresion of the excitonic shift seen experimentally at a finite value of the
subband occupancy parameter .Comment: 9 pages, RevTeX, 5 figures available upon request, PIT-SDS-00
Low-Energy Effective Hamiltonian and the Surface States of Ca_3PbO
The band structure of Ca_3PbO, which possesses a three-dimensional massive
Dirac electron at the Fermi energy, is investigated in detail. Analysis of the
orbital weight distributions on the bands obtained in the first-principles
calculation reveals that the bands crossing the Fermi energy originate from the
three Pb-p orbitals and three Ca-dx2y2 orbitals. Taking these Pb-p and Ca-dx2y2
orbitals as basis wave functions, a tight-binding model is constructed. With
the appropriate choice of the hopping integrals and the strength of the
spin-orbit coupling, the constructed model sucessfully captures important
features of the band structure around the Fermi energy obtained in the
first-principles calculation. By applying the suitable basis transformation and
expanding the matrix elements in the series of the momentum measured from a
Dirac point, the low-energy effective Hamiltonian of this model is explicitely
derived and proved to be a Dirac Hamiltonain. The origin of the mass term is
also discussed. It is shown that the spin-orbit coupling and the orbitals other
than Pb-p and Ca-dx2y2 orbitals play important roles in making the mass term
finite. Finally, the surface band structures of Ca_3PbO for several types of
surfaces are investigated using the constructed tight-binding model. We find
that there appear nontrivial surface states that cannot be explained as the
bulk bands projected on the surface Brillouin zone. The relation to the
topological insulator is also discussed.Comment: 11 page
Superconductivity at 38 K in Iron-Based Compound with Platinum-Arsenide Layers Ca10(Pt4As8)(Fe2-xPtxAs2)5
We report superconductivity in novel iron-based compounds
Ca10(PtnAs8)(Fe2-xPtxAs2)5 with n = 3 and 4. Both compounds crystallize in
triclinic structures (space group P-1), in which Fe2As2 layers alternate with
PtnAs8 spacer layers. Superconductivity with a transition temperature of 38 K
is observed in the n = 4 compound with a Pt content of x ~ 0.36 in the Fe2As2
layers. The compound with n = 3 exhibits superconductivity at 13 K.Comment: OPEN SELECT article, 11 pages, 5 figures, 2 table
Multi-Channel Kondo Necklace
A multi--channel generalization of Doniach's Kondo necklace model is
formulated, and its phase diagram studied in the mean--field approximation. Our
intention is to introduce the possible simplest model which displays some of
the features expected from the overscreened Kondo lattice. The conduction
electron channels are represented by sets of pseudospins \vt_{j}, , which are all antiferromagnetically coupled to a periodic array of
|\vs|=1/2 spins. Exploiting permutation symmetry in the channel index
allows us to write down the self--consistency equation for general . For
, we find that the critical temperature is rising with increasing Kondo
interaction; we interpret this effect by pointing out that the Kondo coupling
creates the composite pseudospin objects which undergo an ordering transition.
The relevance of our findings to the underlying fermionic multi--channel
problem is discussed.Comment: 29 pages (2 figures upon request from [email protected]), LATEX,
submitted for publicatio
Trimer Formation and Metal-Insulator Transition in Orbital Degenerate Systems on a Triangular Lattice
As a prototypical self-organization in the system with orbital degeneracy, we
theoretically investigate trimer formation on a triangular lattice, as observed
in LiVO2. From the analysis of an effective spin-orbital coupled model in the
strong correlation limit, we show that the previously-proposed orbital-ordered
trimer state is not the lowest-energy state for a finite Hund's-rule coupling.
Instead, exploring the ground state in a wide range of parameters for a
multiorbital Hubbard model, we find an instability toward a different
orbital-ordered trimer state in the intermediately correlated regime in the
presence of trigonal crystal field. The trimer phase appears in the competing
region among a paramagnetic metal, band insulator, and Mott insulator. The
underlying mechanism is nesting instability of the Fermi surface by a
synergetic effect of Coulomb interactions and trigonal-field splitting. The
results are compared with experiments in triangularlattice compounds, LiVX2
(X=O, S, Se) and NaVO2.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in J. Phys. Soc. Jp
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