Wpływ polimorfizmu genu receptora endokanabinoidowego 1 na parametry antropometryczne i metaboliczne u kobiet z zespołem wielotorbielowatych jajników

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with an increasing number of metabolic comorbidities. About 50% of PCOS patients are obese, and insulin resistance affects up to 70% of these women. The endocannabinoid system contributes to human energy homeostasis. CNR1 is a biological candidate for human obesity and related metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between CNR1 polymorphisms and anthropometric and metabolic parameters in PCOS women.Material and methods: 130 women diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria were recruited. The control group consisted of 70 healthy women. Medical history was taken, and physical examination as well as assessment of anthropometric (body mass, height, waist and hip circumference, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio [WHR]) and metabolic parameters (glucose and insulin, the insulin resistance index HOMA, lipid profile) was carried out. Genetic studies to detect six CNR1 gene polymorphisms were performed.Results: The total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in PCOS women carrying T/T genotype of rs2023239CNR1 polymorphism were higher than in those with C/T and C/C. There were no statistical differences in other metabolic parameters or in the value of BMI and WHR between the variants of rs2023239 CNR1 polymorphism. The other studied polymorphisms of the CNR1 gene were not associated with anthropometric or metabolic parameters in PCOS women. There were no differences in anthropometric or metabolic parameters between the variants of studied polymorphisms of the CNR1 gene in control women.Conclusions: On the basis of our study, it seems that CNR1 polymorphisms are not associated with obesity and metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, in PCOS women.Wstęp: Zespół wielotorbielowatych jajników wiąże się z licznymi zaburzeniami metabolicznymi. Około 50% kobiet z PCOS jest otyłych, a insulinooporność wykazuje do 70% kobiet z tym zespołem. Układ endokanabinoidowy odgrywa rolę w regulacji równowagi energetycznej organizmu. Gen CNR1 jest genem kandydatem związanym z otyłością i zaburzeniami metabolicznymi. Celem badania była ocena wzajemnych powiązań między polimorfizmami genu CNR1 a parametrami antropometrycznymi i metabolicznymi u pacjentek z PCOS.Materiał i metody: Do badania włączono 130 kobiet, u których w oparciu o kryteria rotterdamskie postawiono rozpoznanie PCOS. Grupę kontrolną stanowiło 70 zdrowych kobiet. U wszystkich badanych przeprowadzono wywiad lekarski, badanie fizykalne z oceną parametrów antropometrycznych (masa i wysokość ciała, obwód talii i bioder, indeks masy ciała, wskaźnik talia–biodra), wykonano badania biochemiczne (ocena stężeń glukozy i insuliny, wskaźnika insulinooporności HOMA, lipidogramu). Przeprowadzono również badania genetyczne oceniające sześć polimorfizmów genu CNR1.Wyniki: Stężenie cholesterolu całkowitego i cholesterolu frakcji LDL było wyższe u kobiet z PCOS i genotypem T/T polimorfizmu rs2023239 genu CNR1 w porównaniu z pacjentkami z genotypami C/T i C/C. Nie było istotnych statystycznie różnic dotyczących innych parametrówmetabolicznych (stężenia glukozy, insuliny, wskaźnik HOMA) ani wskaźników masy ciała i talia–biodra między poszczególnymi genotypami polimorfizmu rs2023239. Nie wykazano zależności pomiędzy innymi badanymi polimorfizmami genu CNR1 a parametrami antropometrycznymi i metabolicznymi u pacjentek z PCOS. Nie stwierdzono również takich zależności u kobiet z grupy kontrolnej.Wnioski: Na podstawie przedstawionego badania wydaje się, że polimorfizmy genu CNR1 nie są związane z otyłością ani zaburzeniami metabolicznymi, w tym insulinoopornością, u kobiet z PCOS

Detection of barley- and wheat-specific forms of Wheat Dwarf Virus in it's vector Psammotettix alienus by duplex PCR assay

Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) has been one of the most common viruses on cereal crops in Poland in the last years. This single stranded DNA virus is transmitted by the leafhopper spec, Psammotettix alienus (Dahlb.) in a persistent manner. It induces yellowing and streaking of leaves, dwarfing or even death of infected plants. The presence of barley- and wheat-specific forms of WDV (WDV-B and WDV-W) and their vector were previously reported in the country, however the literature data did not include any information on the infectivity of the vector in Poland. A duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure was developed and optimized for simultaneous detection and differentiation of both forms in the vector. Two sets of primers amplify 734 bp and 483 bp specific fragments for WDV-W and WDV-B, respectively. The results were verified by a sequencing method. The studies were carried out on insect samples collected in autumn from four different locations in Greater Poland. The results confirmed the presence of WDV-W in the tested samples. They also suggested the concomitant of both forms of the virus in the vector. Additional studies to determine virus-vector relationships should be undertaken

Detection of infectious tobamoviruses in irrigation and drainage canals in Greater Poland

Water samples were collected from irrigation ditches and drainage canals surrounding fields in southern Greater Poland. Initially, the samples were subjected to low and highspeed centrifugation and obtained pellets were used to perform biological assays. Viral identification involved biological, electron microscopic as well as molecular methods. The occurrence of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) was demonstrated in 12 of the 17 examined water sources. The molecular analysis results showed TMV and ToMV co-infections in the analysed water samples. To our knowledge, this is the first report of tobamoviruses being found in environmental water in Poland

Detection of RNA1 and RNA2 of Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus in winter wheat grown from infected seeds

A Polish isolate of Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV-Pol1) was characterized by limited pathogenicity and a low concentration of virus particles in infected plant tissues. The aim of this research was to consider the possibility of seed-transmission dissemination of the virus. Seeds of winter wheat cv. Muszelka served as material for the studies. Two methods were involved in the diagnostics of seedlings grown from potentially infected seeds: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), as the screening assay and immuno-capture-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (IC-RT-PCR) for molecular confirmation of the infection. RNA1 and RNA2 of SBWMV-Pol1 were detected in 6 out of 1,410 plants submitted to diagnostic procedures. The possibility of seed transmission of SBWMV-Pol1 was discussed

Modern Technologies in the Rehabilitation of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Their Potential Application in Times of COVID-19

Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic required the adoption of new technologies to improve access to healthcare at an unprecedented speed, as social distancing became mandatory. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the effectiveness of using new technologies in the rehabilitation of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and discuss their potential role during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: The studies were identified by searching two online databases—PUBMED and Web of Science. Combinations of the key words “Multiple sclerosis” and “e-health”; “Multiple sclerosis” and “virtual reality”; “Multiple sclerosis” and “telerehabilitation”; “Multiple sclerosis” and “new technologies”; “Multiple sclerosis” and “tele-exercise” were used to find suitable publications. Results: A total of 17 studies were included. Although the overall number of participants in all the studies was 904, two of the studies were conducted on the same group. Thus, a total of 854 participants were involved in the studies included. All participants were diagnosed with MS. In 10 studies, participants had to be diagnosed according to the McDonald criteria. Of the included studies: five involved intervention at participants’ home, six were conducted using Xbox Kinect, and seven studies reported no adverse outcomes. Conclusion: The review proves telerehabilitation to be an effective motivational tool to restore and maintain both physical and cognitive function in patients with MS. Remote communication technologies seem to be measures of high effectiveness in rehabilitating and supporting MS patients especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, as the traditional rehabilitation option is less accessible or in some cases inaccessible for these patients

Application of an EMG-Rehabilitation Robot in Patients with Post-Coronavirus Fatigue Syndrome (COVID-19)—A Feasibility Study

This pilot study aimed to assess the safety and feasibility of an EMG-driven rehabilitation robot in patients with Post-Viral Fatigue (PVF) syndrome after COVID-19. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups (IG—intervention group and CG—control group) in an inpatient neurological rehabilitation unit. Both groups were assessed on admission and after six weeks of rehabilitation. Rehabilitation was carried out six days a week for six weeks. The patients in the IG performed additional training using an EMG rehabilitation robot. Muscle fatigue was assessed using an EMG rehabilitation robot; secondary outcomes were changes in hand grip strength, Fatigue Assessment Scale, and functional assessment scales (Functional Independence Measure, Barthel Index). Both groups improved in terms of the majority of measured parameters comparing pre- and post-intervention results, except muscle fatigue. Muscle fatigue scores presented non-significant improvement in the IG and non-significant deterioration in the CG. Using an EMG rehabilitation robot in patients with PVF can be feasible and safe. To ascertain the effectiveness of such interventions, more studies are needed, particularly involving a larger sample and also assessing the participants’ cognitive performance

Detection of RNA1 and RNA2 of Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus in winter wheat grown from infected seeds

A Polish isolate of Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV-Pol1) was characterized by limited pathogenicity and a low concentration of virus particles in infected plant tissues. The aim of this research was to consider the possibility of seed-transmission dissemination of the virus. Seeds of winter wheat cv. Muszelka served as material for the studies. Two methods were involved in the diagnostics of seedlings grown from potentially infected seeds: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), as the screening assay and immuno-capture-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (IC-RT-PCR) for molecular confirmation of the infection. RNA1 and RNA2 of SBWMV-Pol1 were detected in 6 out of 1,410 plants submitted to diagnostic procedures. The possibility of seed transmission of SBWMV-Pol1 was discussed