Warszawa–Nowy Jork. Sposoby zapisu przestrzeni w wybranych tekstach Janusza Głowackiego

Uniwersytet Warszawski8710

Glamour of PRL captured in the works of Janusz Glowacki

The main purpose of this article is to show a way in which Janusz Glowacki has been writing about PRL times in his texts written in the 1960s and 1970s. What is more, it shows how his point of view has changed when he wrote his autobiography Off the top of my head in the 1990s and 2000s. The analysis of his text is based on Paul Connerton’s theory of three transmitters: time, space and embodied body. This article intends to present Glowacki’s description of colorful youth from the 1960s along with many banquets in Bristol, European Hotel or SPATiF. Also, it shows characteristic figures of space in Glowacki’s works: „way of shame” (Krakowskie Przedmiescie and Nowy Świat street) and „Bermuda Triangle” (between Hybrydy club, Przechodni bar and health clinic). Furthermore, it will analyze the figure of speech – „glamour of PRL”, which is becoming more popular in every aspect of life, and how it has changed its emotional language throughout the years. The above issues are analyzed from literary and sociological perspective.Katarzyna Olczak, mgr, doktorantka w Zakładzie Literatury XX i XXI wieku, Wydział Polonistyki Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. Przygotowuje rozprawę doktorską dotyczącą życia i twórczości Janusza Głowackiego w Nowym Jorku. Zajmuje się problemami z zakresu geopoetyki, socjologii miasta oraz autobiografizmu. Publikacje: Autobiografizm we wczesnych dramatach Janusza Głowackiego, [w:] Dramaturgia Janusza Głowackiego – trochę teatru (Gdańsk 2013), „Dziecko SPATiF-u”, czyli warszawskie życie Janusza Głowackiego, [w:] Ścieżkami pisarzy, t. 2, Miasto jako przestrzeń twórców, red. A. Grochowska, M. Mus (Kraków 2015).Uniwersytet Warszawski21122

The genetic basis of resistance to downy mildew in Cucumis spp.—latest developments and prospects

Downy mildew, caused by the Oomycete pathogen Pseudoperonospora cubensis, is one of the most destructive diseases of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and muskmelon (C. melo L.). Although the process of pathogenesis is well understood, there are few disease control options available. The development and deployment of resistant cultivars is generally considered to be the best approach to control downy mildew. The recently completed sequencing of the cucumber genome provides a great opportunity for reliable and thorough study of the sequence and function of resistance genes in the Cucurbitaceae, which will help us to understand the resistance mechanisms and metabolic pathways activated by these genes. It can be anticipated that, in the near future, we will have more information about the genetic bases of resistance to downy mildew in Cucumis, which will facilitate efforts to breed for resistance to this pathogen

Ex Vivo Area-Metric Analysis of Root Canal Obturation Using Cold and Warm Gutta-Percha

properly cited. Purpose. To evaluate the percentage content of gutta-percha, sealer, and voids in a filled canal area following three different filling techniques, using microphotographs and Nis Elements5 software. Material and Methods. After completing chemomechanical preparation, the teeth ( = 48) were randomly divided into three groups ( = 16) and filled by either cold lateral condensation (CLC group), the continuous wave technique (EOU group), and the ProTaper5 thermoplasticized obturator (PT group). The roots were then sectioned horizontally 2.5, 6.5 and 8.5 mm from the tooth apical foramen. The surface areas of the sealer, voids, and guttapercha (PGFA percentage of gutta-percha-filled area) were calculated and the results subjected to statistical analysis (Kruskal-Wallis test). Results. The percentage of gutta-percha (PGFA) was lower in the apical third of the canal for the CLC and EOU groups than the PT group. In the middle and the coronal third of the canal, the PGFA value was higher after using thermal techniques (EOU and PT) than cold lateral condensation (CLC). The presence of voids was comparable in the fillings performed using warm and cold gutta-percha obturation at all levels. Conclusion. Although thermal methods of root canal obturation allow higher PGFA values to be obtained than cold lateral condensation, the content of voids is comparable

Knowledge of medical students on the use of opioids in the management of pain in patients receiving palliative care

Introduction. Pre- and post-graduate education, provided for many years, has quite significantly changedthe perception of the role of opioids in the treatment of patients with pain, mainly chronic pain. However,research on the knowledge of students on opioids has not been conducted, which makes it difficult toimplement desired changes in educational programmes. The aim of the paper was to evaluate the knowledgeof medical students on selected opioid drugs: tramadol, buprenorphine and oxycodone, based ona survey filled in after one-week classes in palliative medicine and pain management.Respondents and methods. The study included 140 fourth-year students of medicine at the University ofMedical Sciences in Poznań who completed one-week classes in palliative medicine and pain management.Their knowledge on opioid analgesics was checked using an anonymous survey that included 7 statements.Results. Students demonstrated better knowledge in statements regarding theoretical aspects of the useof specific opioids and their mechanisms of action. The percentage of correct answers in the group ofstatements concerning the availability of specific opioid analgesics was much lower, which confirms thatthey have less knowledge in this area.Conclusions. Paying attention to the characteristics of specific opioids should improve the individual selection,effectiveness and safety of treatment. Better knowledge on pain management among students,doctors and the general public may dispel their concerns about using opioid analgesics as well as increasethe effectiveness of pain management and improve the quality of life of patients with cancer and chronicpain in palliative care

A rare case of coexistence of a patent ductus arteriosus and a congenital carotid arteriovenous fistula in a 7-year-old girl

U 7-letniej dziewczynki, której w 3. miesiącu życia zamknięto implantem istotny hemodynamicznie przetrwały przewód tętniczy, w badaniu metodą Dopplera stwierdzono wpuklenie się okludera do światła aorty i jej przewężenie z gradientem skurczowym około 40 mm Hg. Ponadto powiększył się wymiar lewej komory oraz poszerzyła się tętnica płucna. Z powodu niejasnych objawów wykonano cewnikowanie serca — stwierdzono, że implant jest prawidłowo umieszczony i nie powoduje utrudnienia przepływu krwi. Wykluczono koarktację aorty, natomiast ujawniono cechy zwiększonego przepływu lewo-prawego z cechami nadciśnienia płucnego, sugerujące obecność wewnątrzczaszkowej przetoki tętniczo-żylnej. Po wykonaniu tomografii komputerowej wykluczono przetokę mózgową, uwidoczniono nieprawidłowe połączenie pomiędzy gałęzią lewej tętnicy szyjnej zewnętrznej a lewą żyłą szyjną wewnętrzną. Przetokę zamknięto interwencyjnie za pomocą cewek, po zabiegu nie zaobserwowano przecieku resztkowego. Pacjentkę wypisano ze szpitala w stanie dobrym.A 7-year-old girl, who underwent a hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus closure at the age of 3 months, was diagnosed with a systolic gradient in the aortic lumen of approximately 40 mm Hg in Doppler examination, caused by prominence of the occluder. Additionally, an increase in the left ventricle and pulmonary artery sizes were established. Due to unclear symptoms, cardiac catheterization was performed, concluding that the implant was correctly positioned and did not obstruct blood flow, yet revealing features of increased left-right flow and pulmonary hypertension, suggesting the presence of an intracranial arteriovenous fistula. The performed computed tomography excluded a cerebral fistula and revealed an abnormal connection between the branch of the left external carotid artery and the left internal jugular vein. The fistula was interventionally closed with coils and no residual leakage was observed after the procedure. The girl was discharged home in a good condition

Dimorphic outlook on children's creative attitudes on the verge of education application of creative and re-constructive attitudes rating scale (SPTO)

This study has been devoted to creative attitudes represented by 6 – 7-year old children, evaluated by the creative and re-constructive attitudes rating scale (SPTO)1. The central focus was to relate differences in attitudes among children commencing their education at the age of 6 to those who had started their school attendance before the reform (at the age of 7). An attempt was made to answer the question whether pupils differing in the year of birth, joined within one school form, would generate any disruption of their potential creativity. A complementary issue was to evaluate the level of creative attitudes along the dimorphic pattern

Meeting the WHO 90% target : antiretroviral treatment efficacy in Poland is associated with baseline clinical patient characteristics

Introduction: Modern combined antiretroviral therapies (cART) allow to effectively suppress HIV-1 viral load, with the 90% virologic success rate, meeting the WHO target in most clinical settings. The aim of this study was to analyse antiretroviral treatment efficacy in Poland and to identify variables associated with virologic suppression. Methods: Cross-sectional data on 5152 (56.92% of the countrywide treated at the time-point of analysis) patients on cART for more than six months with at least one HIV-RNA measurement in 2016 were collected from 14 Polish centres. Patients’ characteristics and treatment type-based outcomes were analysed for the virologic suppression thresholds of <50 and <200 HIV-RNA copies/ml. CART was categorized into two nucleos(t)ide (2NRTI) plus non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase (NNRTI) inhibitors, 2NRTI plus protease (PI) inhibitor, 2NRTI plus integrase (InI) inhibitor, nucleos(t)ide sparing PI/r+InI and three drug class regimens. For statistics Chi-square and U-Mann Whitney tests and adjusted multivariate logistic regression models were used. Results: Virologic suppression rates of <50 copies/mL were observed in 4672 (90.68%) and <200 copies/mL in 4934 (95.77%) individuals. In univariate analyses, for the suppression threshold <50 copies/mL higher efficacy was noted for 2NRTI+NNRTI-based combinations (94.73%) compared to 2NRTI+PI (89.93%), 2NRTI+InI (90.61%), nucleos(t)ide sparing PI/r+InI (82.02%) and three drug class regimens (74.49%) (p < 0.0001), with less pronounced but significant differences for the threshold of 200 copies/mL [2NRTI+NNRTI-97.61%, 2NRTI+PI-95.27%, 2NRTI+InI-96.61%, PI/r+InI- 95.51% and 86.22% for three drug class cART) (p < 0.0001). However, in multivariate model, virologic efficacy for viral load <50 copies/mL was similar across treatment groups with significant influence by history of AIDS [OR:1.48 (95%CI:1.01–2.17) if AIDS diagnosed, p = 0.046], viral load < 5 log copies/mL at care entry [OR:1.47 (95%CI:1.08–2.01), p = 0.016], baseline lymphocyte CD4 count ≥200 cells/µL [OR:1.72 (95%CI:1.04–2.78), p = 0.034] and negative HCV serology [OR:1.97 (95%CI:1.29–2.94), p = 0.002]. For viral load threshold <200 copies/mL higher likelihood of virologic success was only associated with baseline lymphocyte CD4 count ≥200 cells/µL [OR:2.08 (95%CI:1.01–4.35), p = 0.049] and negative HCV status [OR:2.84 (95%CI:1.52–5.26), p = 0.001]. Conclusions: Proportion of virologically suppressed patients is in line with WHO treatment target confirming successful application of antiretroviral treatment strategy in Poland. Virological suppression rates depend on baseline patient characteristics, which should guide individualized antiretroviral tre0atment decisions

Structural pathways for ultrafast melting of optically excited thin polycrystalline Palladium films

Due to its extremely short timescale, the non-equilibrium melting of metals is exceptionally difficult to probe experimentally. The knowledge of melting mechanisms is thus based mainly on the results of theoretical predictions. This work reports on the investigation of ultrafast melting of thin polycrystalline Pd films studied by optical laser pump - X-ray free-electron laser probe experiments and molecular-dynamics simulations. By acquiring X-ray diffraction snapshots with sub-picosecond resolution, we capture the sample's atomic structure during its transition from the crystalline to the liquid state. Bridging the timescales of experiments and simulations allows us to formulate a realistic microscopic picture of melting. We demonstrate that the existing models of strongly non-equilibrium melting, developed for systems with relatively weak electron-phonon coupling, remain valid even for ultrafast heating rates achieved in femtosecond laser-excited Pd. Furthermore, we highlight the role of pre-existing and transiently generated crystal defects in the transition to the liquid state.Comment: main manuscript 33 pages, 9 figures; supplemental material 19 pages, 13 figures - all in one fil