Jerzy Pietrkiewicz’s two English novels: "Loot and Loyalty" and "Green Flows the Bile"

English version. Original issue: “Archiwum Emigracji” 2018/2019, no. 1–2 (26–27)https://apcz.umk.pl/AE/article/view/AE.2018-2019.00

„WIADOMOŚCI” LONDYŃSKIE O ANGIELSKICH POWIEŚCIACH JERZEGO PIETRKIEWICZA W LATACH 1953–1969

The subject of the article is presentation of the publications in „Wiadomości” (London) in the years 1953-1969 relating to the English novels of Jerzy Pietrkiewicz. The article discusses the reviews and opinions cited by „Wiadomości”, illustrating the reception of Pietrkiewicz's novels both among British critics and in the circles of Polish emigration in Great Britain.Tematem artykułu jest prezentacja publikacji zamieszczanych na łamach „Wiadomości” londyńskich w latach 1953–1969, dotyczących angielskich powieści Jerzego Pietrkiewicza. W artykule omówiono recenzje i opinie cytowane przez „Wiadomości”, ilustrujące recepcję powieści Pietrkiewicza zarówno wśród krytyków brytyjskich, jak i w kręgach polskiej emigracji w Wielkiej Brytanii

„Loot and Loyalty” i „Green Flows the Bile” — o dwóch angielskich powieściach Jerzego Pietrkiewicza

LOOT AND LOYALTY AND GREEN FLOWS THE BILE: ON TWO ENGLISH NOVELS BY JERZY PIETRKIEWICZ The article examines two English novels by Jerzy Pietrkiewicz: Loot and Loyalty and Green Flows the Bile. It focuses on the origin, contents and reception of the two novels in Great Britain. It provides numerous quotations from the two novels, as translated by the author of the article. Moreover, the article thoroughly discusses the critique of the two novels in British periodicals

The Genotoxicity of Caecal Water in Gilts Exposed to Low Doses of Zearalenone

Zearalenone is a toxic low-molecular-weight molecule that is naturally produced by moulds on crops as a secondary metabolite. The aim of this study was to determine the genotoxicity of caecal water collected successively from the caecal contents of gilts exposed to low doses (LOAEL, NOAEL, and MABEL) of zearalenone. The experiment was performed on 60 clinically healthy gilts with average BW of 14.5 ± 2 kg, divided into three experimental groups and a control group. Group ZEN5 were orally administered ZEN at 5 μg/kg BW, group ZEN10—10 μg ZEN/kg BW and group ZEN15—15 µg ZEN/kg BW. Five gilts from every group were euthanized on analytical dates 1, 2, and 3. Caecal water samples for in vitro analysis were collected from the ileocaecal region. The genotoxicity of caecal water was noted, particularly after date 1 in groups ZEN10 and ZEN15 with a decreasing trend. Electrophoresis revealed the presence of numerous comets without tails in groups C and ZEN5 and fewer comets with clearly expressed tails in groups ZEN10 and ZEN15. The distribution of LLC-PK1 cells ranged from 15% to 20% in groups C and ZEN5, and from 30% to 60% in groups ZEN10 and ZEN15. The analysis of caecal water genotoxicity during exposure to very low doses of ZEN revealed the presence of a counter response and a compensatory effect in gilts

Polish Rural Dialect and Culture of the Dobrzyń Region in Jerzy Pietrkiewicz’s Novel <i>The Knotted Cord</i>

During the first decades of the XX century the myth of idyllic pre-war countryside was strong in Poland and such reminiscences of the abandoned homeland were especially important for Polish exiles after The World War II. One of them was Jerzy Pietrkiewicz who described the Dobrzyn Land in his novel in English The Knotted Cord, published in Great Britain in 1953. A particularly interesting aspect of the book is the way the author incorporated the elements of the Polish rural dialect and culture into the book addressed to the British recipient. The aim of the article is to analyse the author’s literary experiment based on the insertion of many Polish words into the English text. The main objective of the analysis is to view how Pietrkiewicz represented his homeland and identify the reasons why the book appeared to be successful

„Between good and evil” - the moral development of fantasy characters on the basis of “The Chronicles of Narnia” by C.S. Lewis, “The Witcher” by A. Sapkowski and J.K. Rowling's “Harry Potter”.

Celem mojej pracy jest sprawdzenie czy sposoby kreowania postaci wybranych utworów fantasy podlegają zasadzie rozwoju moralnego oraz jakie tendencje nastąpiły w ewentualnej ewolucji moralnej bohaterów fantasy. Posłużę się przy tym teoriami psychologicznymi dotyczącymi rozwoju moralnego autorstwa J. Piageta i L. Kolhberga. Pierwsza, teoretyczna część pracy zawiera trzy rozdziały: Walka dobra ze złem jako wyznacznik fantasy, w którym w definicji i genologii fantasy będę szukać odniesień do moralności; Dobro i zło – źródła moralności bohaterów fantastycznych, gdzie spróbuję odnaleźć teorie etyczne na podstawie których są zbudowane postaci fantasy oraz Literatura, a psychologia, w którym napiszę o połączeniach pomiędzy tymi dziedzinami nauki oraz o teoriach psychologicznych J. Piageta i L. Kolhberga. W części drugiej nastąpi analiza postaw etycznych i rozwoju moralnego głównych bohaterów dziecięcych Opowieści z Narnii C.S. Lewis, cyklu Wiedźmińskiego A. Sapkowskiego oraz Harry`ego Pottera J.K. Rowling. Ze względu na ograniczenia formalne pracy analizie zostaną poddani Edmund i Eustachy, Cirilla oraz Harry Potter.The aim of my work is to check whether the means of creating the form of selected works of fantasy are subject to the principle of moral development, and what trends occurred in the possible evolution of moral fantasy heroes. I will use with the psychological theories on moral development by J. Piaget and L. Kolhberg. The first, theoretical part of the work contains three chapters: The battle between good and evil as a determinant of fantasy, in which in the definition and fantasy its genology I would look for references to morality; Good and evil - the source of morality of fantasy heroes. Here I'll try to find ethical theories based on which they are constructed form of fantasy and Literature and psychology, in which I will write about the connections between the sciences and the psychological theories of J. Piaget and L. Kolhberg. The second part will analyze ethical and moral development of children's main characters from “The Chronicles of Narnia” by C.S. Lewis, A. Sapkowski's “Witcher” series and the “Harry Potter” by JK Rowling. Due to the limitations of the formal job analysis will be subject to Edmund and Eustace, Cirilla and Harry Potter

The Genotoxicity of Caecal Water in Gilts Exposed to Low Doses of Zearalenone

Zearalenone is a toxic low-molecular-weight molecule that is naturally produced by moulds on crops as a secondary metabolite. The aim of this study was to determine the genotoxicity of caecal water collected successively from the caecal contents of gilts exposed to low doses (LOAEL, NOAEL, and MABEL) of zearalenone. The experiment was performed on 60 clinically healthy gilts with average BW of 14.5 &plusmn; 2 kg, divided into three experimental groups and a control group. Group ZEN5 were orally administered ZEN at 5 &mu;g/kg BW, group ZEN10&mdash;10 &mu;g ZEN/kg BW and group ZEN15&mdash;15 &micro;g ZEN/kg BW. Five gilts from every group were euthanized on analytical dates 1, 2, and 3. Caecal water samples for in vitro analysis were collected from the ileocaecal region. The genotoxicity of caecal water was noted, particularly after date 1 in groups ZEN10 and ZEN15 with a decreasing trend. Electrophoresis revealed the presence of numerous comets without tails in groups C and ZEN5 and fewer comets with clearly expressed tails in groups ZEN10 and ZEN15. The distribution of LLC-PK1 cells ranged from 15% to 20% in groups C and ZEN5, and from 30% to 60% in groups ZEN10 and ZEN15. The analysis of caecal water genotoxicity during exposure to very low doses of ZEN revealed the presence of a counter response and a compensatory effect in gilts

Time-Dependent Changes in the Intestinal Microbiome of Gilts Exposed to Low Zearalenone Doses

Zearalenone is a frequent contaminant of cereals and their by-products in regions with a temperate climate. This toxic molecule is produced naturally by Fusarium fungi in crops. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of low zearalenone doses (LOAEL, NOAEL and MABEL) on the intestinal microbiome of gilts on different days of exposure (days 7, 21 and 42). Intestinal contents were sampled from the duodenal cap, the third part of the duodenum, jejunum, caecum and the descending colon. The experiment was performed on 60 clinically healthy gilts with average BW of 14.5 &#177; 2 kg, divided into three experimental groups and a control group. Group ZEN5 animals were orally administered ZEN at 5 &#956;g /kg BW, group ZEN10&#8212;10 &#956;g ZEN/kg BW and group ZEN15&#8212;15 &#181;g ZEN/kg BW. Five gilts from every group were euthanized on analytical dates 1, 2 and 3. Differences in the log values of microbial counts, mainly Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis, were observed between the proximal and distal segments of the intestinal tract on different analytical dates as well as in the entire intestinal tract. Zearalenone affected the colony counts of intestinal microbiota rather than microbiome diversity, and its effect was greatest in groups ZEN10 and ZEN15. Microbial colony counts were similar in groups ZEN5 and C. In the analysed mycobiome, ZEN exerted a stimulatory effect on the log values of yeast and mould counts in all intestinal segments, in particular in the colon, and the greatest increase was noted on the first analytical date