Typology of Web 2.0 spheres: Understanding the cultural dimensions of social media spaces

It has taken the past decade to commonly acknowledge that online space is tethered to real place. From euphoric conceptualizations of social media spaces as a novel, unprecedented and revolutionary entity, the dust has settled, allowing for talk of boundaries and ties to real-world settings. Metaphors have been instrumental in this pursuit, shaping perceptions and affecting actions within this extended structural realm. Specifically, they have been harnessed to architect Web 2.0 spaces, be it chatrooms, electronic frontiers, homepages, or information highways for policy and practice. While metaphors are pervasive in addressing and

The preparation of 3-substituted-1,5-dibromopentanes as precursors to heteracyclohexanes

The methodology to prepare 3-substituted 1,5-dibromopentanes I and their immediate precursors, which include 3-substituted 1,5-pentanediols VII or 4-substituted tetrahydropyrans VIII, is surveyed. Such dibromides I are important intermediates in the preparation of liquid crystalline derivatives containing 6-membered heterocyclic rings. Four dibromides 1a–1d containing simple alkyl and more complex fragments at the 3-position were prepared. 3-Propyl- and 3-pentyl-pentane-1,5-diol (2a,b) were prepared starting from either glutaconate or malonate diesters, while tetrahydropyrans 3c and 3d were obtained from tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one. The advantages and disadvantages of each route are discussed. Dibromides 1c and 1d were used to prepare sulfonium zwitterions 11c and 11d