Selected Metal Concentrations in Some Medical Herbs from Localities Around Mount Bjelasica

The use of wild herbs to relieve and treat many human diseases is increasing worldwide, due to their medicinal features and limited side effects. The content of metals in them is of great interest. Our objective was to determine the levels of Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn in individual parts of four medicinal plant species (Achillea millefolium L., Origanum vulgare L., Thymus serpyllum L., and Hypericum perforatum L.) and their native soil. For the study, we selected four sites located at the foot of Mount Bjelasica in Montenegro. Microwave-assisted digestion was applied for the dissolution of the samples and the metal concentrations were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). All the investigated metals are most concentrated in the roots of the tested herbs. The translocation of metal from the root to the aboveground parts is different and depends on the metal and the plant. All the tested plants contain the most Fe (except oregano) and the least Ni. The most significant levels of Zn (44.6–116 mg kg–1), Ni (0.10–26.3 mg kg–1) and Mn (28.4–329 mg kg–1) were found in O. vulgare, the largest concentration of Cu (20.6–85.4 mg kg–1) in H. perforatum and Fe (108–1324 mg kg–1) showed its largest value in T. serpyllum. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Crystal structure of 4-bromo-2-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenol, C9H7BrN2O (vol 232, pg 507, 2017)

C9H7BrN2O, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 16.255(3) angstrom, b = 4.4119(9) angstrom, c = 25.923(5) angstrom, beta = 107.99(3)degrees, V = 1768.2(7) angstrom(3), Z = 8, R-gt(F) = 0.0450, wR(ref)(F-2) = 0.0960, T = 150 K

Crystal structure of dihydrazinium 1H-pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylate, C5H12N6O4

C 5 H 12 N 6 O 4 , monoclinic, P 2 1 / n (no. 14), a = 4.3368(6) Å, b = 15.483(2) Å, c = 13.8852(19) Å, β = 97.714(3)°, V = 923.9(2) Å 3 , Z = 4, R gt ( F ) = 0.0411, wR ref ( F 2 ) = 0.1109, T = 200(2) K

Esterification of stearic acid with lower monohydroxylic alcohols

Esters play a significant role in everyday life but also in the chemical industry. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of different parameters on the process of esterification of higher monocarboxylic acids with lower monohydroxylic alcohols. We examined the influences of the following variables: the type and amount of the catalyst, the structure of alcohols and fatty acids, the acid/alcohol molar ratio, and the temperature of the esterification process. The descending order of reactivity found alcohols is: 1-butanol > 1-propanol > 2-methyl-1-propanol > ethanol > 2-butanol >2-propanol > 2-methyl-2-propanol. The results of this study show no significant effect of chain lengths of saturated fatty acids on the speed and yield of esterification. The presence of the double bond in unsaturated fatty acids reduces the acid to ester conversion. The highest yield (99%) was obtained in the reaction of stearic acid and 1-butanol with an acid/alcohol/catalyst (H2SO4) mole ratio 1/15/0.75 and at a temperature of 65°C

Seasonal changes in metal accumulation and distribution in the organs of Phragmites australis (common reed) from Lake Skadar, Montenegro

Due to its ability to accumulate metals, availability throughout the year and its large biomass, Phragmites australis (common reed) is suitable for biomonitoring studies for the evaluation of load level of water ecosystem with trace metals. The heavy metals concentration in P.australis tissue can be several ten to several thousand times higher than those in the surrounding water. In this study we examined the content of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Sr and V) in sediment, water and different organs of Phragmites australis collected from Lake Skadar, Montenegro, during different seasons of the year 2011. The highest concentrations of Sr were found in the leaves, while the other studied metals showed their highest concentrations in the roots. Thus, P. australis is considered a root bioaccumulation species. For most metals the concentration in roots and stems increases over time until the end of the growing season, and then decreases, while the concentration in leaves increases even after the growing season of the plant. If P. australis is used for phytoremediation purposes, then it should be harvested after the growing season because then the concentration of metals in the aboveground parts is maximal

Crystal structure of 4-bromo-2-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenol, C9H7BrN2O

C9H7BrN2O, triclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 16.255(3) angstrom, b = 4.4119(9) angstrom, c = 25.923(5) angstrom, beta = 107.99(3)degrees, V = 1768.2(7) angstrom(3), Z = 8, R-gt(F) = 0.0450, wR(ref)(F-2) = 0.0960, T= 150 K

Crystal structure of 4-bromo-2-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenol, C9H7BrN2O

C9H7BrN2O, triclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 16.255(3) Å, b = 4.4119(9) Å, c = 25.923(5) Å, β = 107.99(3)°, V = 1768.2(7) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0450, wRref(F2) = 0.0960, T = 150 K. CCDC no.:: 1540998 The asymmetric unit of the title crystal structure is shown in the figure. Tables 1 and 2 contain details of the measurement method and a list of the atoms including atomic coordinates and displacement parameters.© 2017 Željko K. Jaćimović et a