Farmers’ and AI Technicians’ Characteristics and Their Impact on AI Technology Adoption, Utilization and Its Efficiency in Ethiopia

The AI delivery system in Ethiopia constrained with various technical, infrastructural and financial problems and thus it is said to be inefficient in terms of genetics and productivity improvement. A study conducted in 2017,2018 and 2019 in Amhara, Oromia, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples (SNPP) and Tigray regional states of the country to provide information on the impact of farmers’ and AI technicians characteristics that influence the adoption, utilization and efficiency of Artificial Insemination (AI) technology in Ethiopia. The overall mean age of AI technicians in the four studied regions was about 35 years. The total number of AI technicians in 2017/18 was 1,293 of which 93 (7.2%) were female. The engagement of women in the AI delivery system increased in 2017/18 from 1.8% to 7.2%. About 42% of the total AI technicians considered in this study trained for 45 days while the other 22%, 32%, and 7% trained for a period of three, six and nine months, respectively. AI technicians in the four study regions served as AI technician for an average of 8.17 years. Experience of AI technicians was positively correlated with the number of inseminations during regular (r=0.144), peak (r=0.159*) and off (r=0.219**) seasons. However, it was found to be negatively correlated with service per conception (r=-0.034). The average dairy farming household’s family size in the four studied regions was 6.18 persons per household. Total household income, income from livestock sale and livestock products was significantly different (p<0.05) among the four regions. Keywords: Adoption, Experience, Extension, Households, DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/58-01 Publication date: April 30th 202

Financial Regulation and Supervision in Ethiopia

The Ethiopian financial sector is characterized by low level of development and relatively closed in nature than its east African neighbors. When we see the main financial development indicators in Ethiopia: branch to population ratio is 62,063[1]; percentage of adult population which has access to formal credit is 1.197% [2]and ranked 104[3] in the world in getting credit. Consequently the country’s financial system is distinguished by its negative real interest rate (-22.5 for saving rate and -21.80 for lending rate)[4], 85.4% [5]of total loans required collateral and the required collateral as percentage of loan is 234%[6] which is the highest in the sub Saharan Africa.  Regarding financial regulation there are two opposing theories; the financial repression school where taken financial regulation in the form interest rate control as important policy tool for developing countries and the liberalization school where considered privatization of the government owned financial institutions and financial liberalization as important policy tool for the sake of efficiency, soundness and to increase competition in the financial sector. In this regard even though the government Ethiopia acknowledges the importance of financial liberalization for the country financial development it follows gradualism approach to liberalization.  For those reasons government intervention rate in the Ethiopian financial system is one of the highest (425.03%)[7]. In line with this the paper tries to analyze the trends of financial development, the mode of liberalization and type of regulation and supervision in Ethiopia financial sector. Keywords: finical development, regulation, supervision, liberalization, Ethiopia [1] NBE annual report 2011/12 [2] ADI [3] ADI [4] NBE annual report 2011/12 [5] ADI [6] ADI [7] AD

Situational Analysis of Post Basic Bachelorate Health Training Programs at Jimma University

Background :In a higher institution like Jimma university frequent revision of its programs is inevitable to meet its goal and keep up its standard nationally as well as globally. Objective: This study is then intended to evaluate the teaching and learning situations of the four post basic BSc health programs in line with their curriculums, students performance and problems, and acceptance by the stakeholder. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through structured questionnaires collected form 155 senior students, 44 instructors and 8 stakeholder, analyzed using basic statistical package. Result: The result showed that, almost all (98%) of students and instructors suggested the programs to continue but with a significant revision of the curriculums. Both instructors and stakeholder found the students performance positive (at least satisfactory) 93% which went with the success rate 86% over the years 1995/96 to 1997/98. Students found earning situation difficult significantly (

DAIRY TECHNOLOGY IMPACTS ON LIVEHOODS OF DAIRY PRODUCERS IN CENTRAL ETHIOPIA

A survey was conducted in 2012 to assess the impact of dairy technologies on the livelihood of dairying households in Ada’a and Lume districts of central Ethiopia. A total of 108 dairy farms were interviewed using structured questionnaire. Dairying has significant contribution as a sustainable source of income to the dairy producing households. It contributed about 62% and 66% of the total monthly income in Ada’a and Lume districts, respectively. Dairying was the first income source for about 80% and 62% of the dairy producing households in Ada’a and Lume districts, respectively. On the other hand, 92.9 % and 88.9 % of the respondents in Ada’a and Lume districts respectively explained that dairy technology adoption has significantly increased their household income. About 56% and 32% of households in Ada’a and Lume districts were found to save money from dairying in a traditional form of saving. Adoption of dairy technologies has also an impact on the consumption of milk and milk products as all family members in about 77.5% and 87.1% of households in Ada’a and Lume districts, respectively could consume more milk

DAIRY TECHNOLOGY IMPACTS ON LIVEHOODS OF DAIRY PRODUCERS IN CENTRAL ETHIOPIA

A survey was conducted in 2012 to assess the impact of dairy technologies on the livelihood of dairying households in Ada’a and Lume districts of central Ethiopia. A total of 108 dairy farms were interviewed using structured questionnaire. Dairying has significant contribution as a sustainable source of income to the dairy producing households. It contributed about 62% and 66% of the total monthly income in Ada’a and Lume districts, respectively. Dairying was the first income source for about 80% and 62% of the dairy producing households in Ada’a and Lume districts, respectively. On the other hand, 92.9 % and 88.9 % of the respondents in Ada’a and Lume districts respectively explained that dairy technology adoption has significantly increased their household income. About 56% and 32% of households in Ada’a and Lume districts were found to save money from dairying in a traditional form of saving. Adoption of dairy technologies has also an impact on the consumption of milk and milk products as all family members in about 77.5% and 87.1% of households in Ada’a and Lume districts, respectively could consume more milk

ENACTMENT OF STUDENT-CENTERED APPROACH IN TEACHING MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES: THE CASE OF SELECTED GENERAL SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN JIMMA ZONE, ETHIOPIA

The study was initiated to assess the implementation of student-centered teaching of Mathematics and Natural Science subjects in three selected schools in Jimma and the surrounding towns. To this end, classroom observation method was utilized. Accordingly, 40 lessons of 24 teachers were observed. The observation result depicts that teachers were effectively utilizing prior knowledge of learners in starting their lesson s. They were also active in making question rich learning environment. On the contrary, they were rated as poor in making classroom environment conducive for group learning. Utilization of learning materials and activities was also rated as low. Subject, school and grade wise comparison put relatively teachers teaching in Jimma University Community school, Chemistry subject and grade nine students on the top but the rest on the other end of the spectrum although there is no statistically significant differences. Based on these findings, recommendations for action including area for further research were forwarde

The problems of female students at Jimma University, Ethiopia, with some suggested solutions

Background: Education is perhaps the single essential measure to ensure a full participation of women in development. Women's participation in all fields of the world has become significant. Objective: This study was conducted to identify gender related problems of female students in Jimma University (JU). Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study undertaken using quantitative and qualitative methods, in which the university community (staff and students of both sexes) participated. Results: The problems most frequently cited were violence, harassment and lack of security. Lack of facilities and assertiveness, workload, and academic performance were mentioned less often. In particular, awareness towards the existence of gender discrimination in campus diverge between males (30%) and females (64%), P< 0.001. However, the solutions suggested focused on raising awareness, guidance and counseling, academic support and improvement of facilities. Conclusion: This study strongly suggests that in order to improve female achievement in tertiary education, attention should be given to personal security, material support and assertiveness creation in addition to academic needs. [Ethiop.J.Health Dev. 2002;16(3):257-266