Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

A comprehensive review of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (nCOVID-19) characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention

The outbreak of a pandemic that began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 with the new coronavirus 2019 (nCOVID-19) or severe acute coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) syndrome has created a dangerous and deadly public health issue worldwide. The number of infected cases and mortality continued to rise, and many countries have been forced to adhere to social distancing and quarantine. Epidemiological studies have shown that elderly patients with underlying diseases are more prone to severe forms of the disease, while young people and children have milder symptoms. This study looks at some of the challenges in diagnosing, preventing, and treating coronavirus disease 2019 based on virus features