plos_data_ABILITY.xlsx

Anonymized (or de-identified) primary patient-level data that underlie the findings described in the article "Predictors of opioid efficacy in patients with chronic pain: A prospective multicenter observational cohort study" published in PLOS ONE (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171723">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171723</a>)

Learning from experiments:Exploring how short time-boxed experiments can contribute to organizational learning

PurposeThis study investigates how short time-boxed experiments (STBEs) offer opportunities for organizational learning. The STBEs in the study were part of a research and development project aiming to improve the psychosocial working environment at workplaces in the Danish financial sector. The STBEs focused on identifying manageable starting points for working with complex problems through micro changes. In these processes, employees and team leaders gained experience of specific micro changes and processes of evaluation and adjustment of actions and they developed new routines.Design/methodology/approachBased on the double diamond model of design thinking, a method for developing and conducting STBEs was developed during six experiments. The experiments were evaluated through qualitative group interviews focusing on participants’ experiences with the STBEs. Qualitative material developed as part of the experiments and the evaluations was then analyzed with a focus on potential organizational learning. FindingsThe study finds that STBEs offer a flexible framework for organizational learning by promoting conversion of individual experiences to collective knowledge and organizational learning through the experiments’ development of new routines. The study also finds that an understanding of experience informed by the German concept of ‘Erfahrung’ stresses the importance of involvement for advancing organizational learning.OriginalityThe study describes the development and conceptualization of STBEs as an applicable form of experiment, with perspectives for achieving organizational learning and micro changes.To explore how the involvement of workplace teams in experimenting with changes in their work practices through STBEs can support organizational learning. It is explored how staffs’ experiences with experimental practices give rise to shared knowledge, and how this is supported by the design of the STBE-procedure. Also explored is how the STBEs support knowledge retainment.The study builds on the authors’ participation in a research and development project across seven financial enterprises in Denmark. Qualitative material was developed as part of the experiments. Theoretically emphasizing experience, knowledge creation through dialogue, and knowledge retention, the material was analyzed focusing on participants’ experiences and interactions, as well as on procedures.The STBEs occasioned direct experience with new work practices for managers and employees. Supported by the STBE-procedure, these experiences generated new knowledge individually, collectively and on an organizational level. The procedure also created routines that can underpin the retainment of the new practices and knowledge related to incorporating it in the organization.The study implicate experience with changes in work practices to be understood as predominantly mindful in opposition to simple also when the changes appear to be simple.The STBEs are applicable when working with organizational learning related to new work practices. Procedures supporting dialogue and mindful processes appear to advantage in relation to learning from experiments.Based on an original research and development project and unique qualitative material the study adds to discussions on how to best conduct and learn from experiments in organizations

Conditioned pain modulation and situational pain catastrophizing as preoperative predictors of pain following chest wall surgery: a prospective observational cohort study.

Variability in patients' postoperative pain experience and response to treatment challenges effective pain management. Variability in pain reflects individual differences in inhibitory pain modulation and psychological sensitivity, which in turn may be clinically relevant for the disposition to acquire pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of conditioned pain modulation and situational pain catastrophizing on postoperative pain and pain persistency.Preoperatively, 42 healthy males undergoing funnel chest surgery completed the Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Beck's Depression Inventory before undergoing a sequential conditioned pain modulation paradigm. Subsequently, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale was introduced and patients were instructed to reference the conditioning pain while answering. Ratings of movement-evoked pain and consumption of morphine equivalents were obtained during postoperative days 2-5. Pain was reevaluated at six months postoperatively.Patients reporting persistent pain at six months follow-up (n = 15) were not significantly different from pain-free patients (n = 16) concerning preoperative conditioned pain modulation response (Z = 1.0, P = 0.3) or level of catastrophizing (Z = 0.4, P = 1.0). In the acute postoperative phase, situational pain catastrophizing predicted movement-evoked pain, independently of anxiety and depression (β = 1.0, P = 0.007) whereas conditioned pain modulation predicted morphine consumption (β = -0.005, P = 0.001).Preoperative conditioned pain modulation and situational pain catastrophizing were not associated with the development of persistent postoperative pain following funnel chest repair. Secondary outcome analyses indicated that conditioned pain modulation predicted morphine consumption and situational pain catastrophizing predicted movement-evoked pain intensity in the acute postoperative phase. These findings may have important implications for developing strategies to treat or prevent acute postoperative pain in selected patients. Pain may be predicted and the malfunctioning pain inhibition mechanism as tested with CPM may be treated with suitable drugs augmenting descending inhibition