Silver selective electrodes based on thioether functionalized calix[4]arenes as ionophores

Silver selective electrodes based on thioether functionalized calix[4]arenes 1 and 2 as ionophores were investigated. For both ionophores the selectivity coefficients (log kAg,M) were lower than −2.2 for Hg(II) and lower than −4.6 for other cations tested. The best results were obtained with membranes containing dithioether functionalized calix[4]arene (ionophore 2), potassium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl) borate (KTpCIPB) and bis(1-butylpentyl)adipate (BBPA) as a plasticizer. The Ag(I)-response functions exhibited almost theoretical Nernstian slopes in the activity range 10−6–10−1M of silver ions.\ud \u

Lead selective electrodes based on thioamide functionalized calix[4]arenes as ionophores

Lead selective electrodes based on a di- and tetrathioamide functionalized calix [4] arene as ionophores were investigated. The Pb(II)-response functions exhibited almost theoretical Nernstian slopes in the activity range 10¿6¿10¿2M of lead ions. For both ionophores a preference for lead over other cations was observed. The best results were obtained for membranes containing the tetrathioamide derivative (ionophore 1), potassium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl) borate and o-nitrophenyl octyl ether as a plasticizer. This electrode showed greatly improved selectivity over copper, zinc and cadmium ions as compared with commercial solid-state lead selective electrodes