The Effects of Thrombus, Thrombectomy and Thrombolysis on Endothelial Function

AbstractObjective: this study was undertaken to examine and compare the effects of thrombus, thrombectomy, and thrombolysis on endothelial function as measured by endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation (EDR). Methods: adult, male New Zealand white rabbits underwent ligation of the left common iliac to femoral artery to induce thrombosis and were then randomly assigned to one of five groups, n=6 in each. Group A consisted of ligation and thrombosis for 4 h. Group B underwent similar ligation for 4 h, but without intraluminal thrombus present. Following 4 h of ligation and thrombosis, Group C underwent thrombectomy while group D was treated with urokinase (UK), 4000 U/min for 30 min. Group E underwent UK infusion alone. The right external iliac artery served as control vessel in each group. All arteries were removed and endothelial function was determined by measuring EDR. Results: the presence of thrombus reduced EDR by 50% (group A) compared to control. Vessels with interrupted flow, but not exposed to thrombus, retained normal EDR (group B). Thrombectomy decreased EDR significantly (group C) compared to thrombolysis (group D) and control. UK did not significantly alter EDR (groups D, E).Conclusions: exposure of endothelium to thrombus significantly decreases EDR. EDR was not affected by interruption of blood flow in the absence of thrombus. Thrombectomy appeared to cause a further additive insult to the endothelium. In contrast, thrombolysis with UK preserved residual endothelial function. These data suggest that it is important to differentiate the effects of thrombus on endothelium from effects due to thrombectomy or thrombolysis when evaluating treatment modalities for arterial thrombosis

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Not AvailableThe ber (Zizyphus mauritiana L.) fruits of cv. Gola were subjected to various treatments of naphthalene acetic acid (NAAI) and ferrous sulphate to determine their effect on physico-chemical characteristics and shelf life of fruits. NAA @ 0, 50, 75 and 100 ppm and ferrous sulphate @ 0, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4% were applied alone as well as in combination form during fruit development stage (pea size). The results revealed that 100 ppm NAA and 0.4% FeSO4 was found most effective in significantly increasing the fruit weight (18.35 & 22.95%), fruit length (23.11 & 27.95%) and fruit width (20.15 & 17.9%) respectively over the control. Though, the TSS of fruits was slightly reduced. The application of 75 ppm NAA and 0.3% FeSO4 helped in maintaining the marketability and also reduced the fruit weight loss (2.19 and 2.41%) and fruit decay loss (10.37 and 9.81%), respectively over the control. Application of 100 ppm NAA and 0.4% FeSO4 was found most economical than the other treatments.Not Availabl

Evaluation of the Bridge Architecture

This chapter discusses the comprehensive experimental evaluation of the Bridge Architecture by analyzing its performance based on latency, throughput, packet retransmissions, NFC bandwidth utilization, etc. for different NFC bit rates and data sizes. It also provides some recommendations for implementing this architecture.Software TechnologyEmbedded and Networked System

Adapting TCP for the Bridge Architecture

This chapter explains the Bridge Architecture for internet connectivity in detail. It describes the experimental setup used to study the architecture, discusses the two main challenges that this architecture presents and proposes solutions.Software TechnologyElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer ScienceEmbedded and Networked System

State of the Art

This chapter studies the existing research and solutions in using TCP/IP on low data-rate and high delay networks like NFC. It concludes that the problem on hand, i.e., using TCP/IP on time-slotted NFC in the cordless kitchen appliances, is unique and hence new novel methods are needed in this case.Software TechnologyElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer ScienceEmbedded and Networked System

Introduction

This chapter gives an introduction to the Cordless Kitchen concept, benefits and use cases. It throws light on the benefits of connecting cordless kitchen to the Internet and highlights the challenges involved in enabling Internet connectivity. A few possible solutions are also proposed.Software TechnologyElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer ScienceEmbedded and Networked System

Conclusion

This research focused on enabling Internet connectivity to a new generation of smart kitchen appliances that work on wireless power technology. In order to provide efficient and seamless communication with the appliances, the possibilities of utilizing the NFC channel for Internet connectivity were explored.Software TechnologyElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer ScienceEmbedded and Networked System

Parametric Analysis of the Bridge Architecture

This chapter evaluates the effects of our solution on important TCP parameters such as TCP MSS, TCP CWND, NFC BER and other NFC channel characteristics using simulations and theoretical calculations.Software TechnologyElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer ScienceEmbedded and Networked System

Architectures for Internet Connectivity

This chapter discusses two possible architectures to connect the cordless kitchen appliances to the Internet. Design, advantages and disadvantages of both these architectures are covered in detail.Software TechnologyElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer ScienceEmbedded and Networked System