需要の不確実性を考慮した多階層多期間施設配置問題のロバスト最適化

国立大学法人長岡技術科学大

A Survey, Taxonomy, and Analysis of Network Security Visualization Techniques

Network security visualization is a relatively new field and is quickly gaining momentum. Network security visualization allows the display and projection of the network or system data, in hope to efficiently monitor and protect the system from any intrusions or possible attacks. Intrusions and attacks are constantly continuing to increase in number, size, and complexity. Textually reading through log files or other textual sources is currently insufficient to secure a network or system. Using graphical visualization, security information is presented visually, and not only by text. Without network security visualization, reading through log files or other textual sources is an endless and aggravating task for network security analysts. Visualization provides a method of displaying large volume of information in a relatively small space. It also makes patterns easier to detect, recognize, and analyze. This can help security experts to detect problems that may otherwise be missed in reading text based log files. Network security visualization has become an active research field in the past six years and a large number of visualization techniques have been proposed. A comprehensive analysis of the existing techniques is needed to help network security designers make informed decisions about the appropriate visualization techniques under various circumstances. Moreover, a taxonomy of the existing visualization techniques is needed to classify the existing network security visualization techniques and present a high level overview of the field. In this thesis, the author surveyed the field of network security visualization. Specifically, the author analyzed the network security visualization techniques from the perspective of data model, visual primitives, security analysis tasks, user interaction, and other design issues. Various statistics were generated from the literatures. Based on this analysis, the author has attempted to generate useful guidelines and principles for designing effective network security visualization techniques. The author also proposed a taxonomy for the security visualization techniques. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first attempt to generate a taxonomy for network security visualization. Finally, the author evaluated the existing network security visualization techniques and discussed their characteristics and limitations. For future research, the author also discussed some open research problems in this field. This research is a step towards a thorough analysis of the problem space and the solution space in network security visualization

Rise in cesarean section rate over a 20-year period in a public sector hospital in northern Thailand

OBJECTIVE: To determine a trend of cesarean section rate (CSR) and main contributing factors in a public sector hospital, representing northern part of Thailand. METHODS: A retrospective descriptive analysis was conducted by assessing the database of maternal-fetal medicine unit, which had prospectively been collected for 20 years. Trends were evaluated using data for the years 1992–2011. Private sector patients were excluded. RESULTS: A total of 50,872 public sector patients were available for analysis. The number of deliveries was gradually decreased from 3,802 in 1992 to 1,748 in 2011. Of them, 7,480 underwent cesarean section, CSR of 14.7 %. However, the CSR was significantly increased from 11.3 % in 1992 to 23.6 % in 2011 (p value <0.001). The CSRs indicated by cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) and previous CSs were mainly responsible for a marked increase over the study period. CSR due to CPD was increased from 3.2 % in 1992 to 7.9 % in 2011 (p value <0.0001). While CSR due to other indications either breech presentation, fetal distress and twin pregnancies were only slightly, but significantly increased in the last decades but they are relatively constant in the recent years. CONCLUSIONS: In our public sector, CSR has gradually increased. The main reasons of such an increase were likely to be associated with over-diagnosis of CPD and subsequent repeated CS, while other indications played only a minimal role. To achieve the appropriate CSR, audit system for diagnosis of CPD must be instituted

Maternal Death at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, the 17 Years Experience

Objective: To analyze the characteristics, leading causes and trend of maternal deaths at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital between the 20th and the 21st centuries. Study design: Retrospective descriptive study. Methods: The database of Maternal-Fetal Medicine unit and medical records, between January 1991 and December 2007, were reviewed for maternal death cases, causes of death and the causes were categorized into subgroups. Results: There were 72,952 live births and 50 cases of maternal deaths. The overall maternal mortality ratio (MMR) was 65:100,000 live births. Thirty-four (68%) were referral cases. Between the 20th century (1991-1999) and the 21st century (2000-2007), MMR had been dropped from 67/100 000 live births to 62 /100 000 live births. The direct maternal death was the most common cause of death and the top five leading causes were postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), amniotic fluid embolism, heart diseases, septic abortion and severe pre-eclampsia, respectively. Direct maternal death was decreased (MMR from 46.1 to 33.5%) but indirect maternal death were increased (MMR from 9.6 to 23.9%). Conclusion: The trend of MMR at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital appeared to be minimal changed during the 17 years period. The direct maternal death tends to be decreased but the indirect maternal death tends to be significantly increased. PPH was the most common cause of death in both centuries

Exploring the Impact of Play: Designing for Well-being through Playful Digital Mediums for Older Adults in Thailand using the Human-Centered Design Process

This thesis explores play and how we might design digital products for play. The concept of play is mainly studied in the context of children, and with older adults, play is often used as a mechanism to achieve specific goals and behaviors. In Thailand, the concept of play seems to permeate into different aspects of everyday life. The word play is used to describe actions that are, in Western culture, not typically viewed as playful; some examples are resting, gambling, and stock trading. Furthermore, with technology, internet access, and smartphones becoming more accessible to older Thai adults, I intend to investigate the intersection between play and technology. Using iterative human-centered design processes, this study explores how older adults in Thailand play, if and how play impacts overall well-being, and how a playful digital product may be designed to serve their play and well-being needs. Through interviews with target users, frameworks for well-being and play dimensions and personas that list each potential user’s context, needs, and challenges were created. A digital product concept was ideated, and an interactable playful digital prototype was designed to serve the users' needs. Results suggested that the product can potentially serve the well-being and play needs of Thai older adults. Design improvements and further research are recommended to ensure that the findings in this research are applicable across different markets, geographies, and cultural contexts.S.M

Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Heart Failure

Fetal heart failure (FHF) is a condition of inability of the fetal heart to deliver adequate blood flow for tissue perfusion in various organs, especially the brain, heart, liver and kidneys. FHF is associated with inadequate cardiac output, which is commonly encountered as the final outcome of several disorders and may lead to intrauterine fetal death or severe morbidity. Fetal echocardiography plays an important role in diagnosis of FHF as well as of the underlying causes. The main findings supporting the diagnosis of FHF include various signs of cardiac dysfunction, such as cardiomegaly, poor contractility, low cardiac output, increased central venous pressures, hydropic signs, and the findings of specific underlying disorders. This review will present a summary of the pathophysiology of fetal cardiac failure and practical points in fetal echocardiography for diagnosis of FHF, focusing on essential diagnostic techniques used in daily practice for evaluation of fetal cardiac function, such as myocardial performance index, arterial and systemic venous Doppler waveforms, shortening fraction, and cardiovascular profile score (CVPs), a combination of five echocardiographic markers indicative of fetal cardiovascular health. The common causes of FHF are reviewed and updated in detail, including fetal dysrhythmia, fetal anemia (e.g., alpha-thalassemia, parvovirus B19 infection, and twin anemia-polycythemia sequence), non-anemic volume load (e.g., twin-to-twin transfusion, arteriovenous malformations, and sacrococcygeal teratoma, etc.), increased afterload (intrauterine growth restriction and outflow tract obstruction, such as critical aortic stenosis), intrinsic myocardial disease (cardiomyopathies), congenital heart defects (Ebstein anomaly, hypoplastic heart, pulmonary stenosis with intact interventricular septum, etc.) and external cardiac compression. Understanding the pathophysiology and clinical courses of various etiologies of FHF can help physicians make prenatal diagnoses and serve as a guide for counseling, surveillance and management

Application for developing countries: Estimating trip attraction in urban zones based on centrality

This paper introduced a network centrality-based method to estimate the volume of trip attraction in traffic analysis zones. Usually trip attraction volumes are estimated based on land use characteristics. However, executing of land use-based trip attraction models are severely constrained by the lack of updated land use data in developing countries. The proposed method used network centrality-based explanatory variables as “connectivity”, “local integration” and “global integration”. Space syntax tools were used to compute the centrality of road segments. GIS-based kernel density estimation method was used to transform computed road segment-based centrality values into traffic analysis zone. Trip attraction values exhibited significant high correlation with connectivity, global and local integration values. The study developed and validated model to estimate trip attraction by using connectivity, local integration and global integration values as endogenous variables with an accepted level of accuracy (R2 > 0.75). The proposed approach required minimal data, and it was easily executed using a geographic information system. The study recommended the proposed method as a practical tool for transport planners and engineers, especially who work in developing countries and where updated land use data is unavailable