Generation Mechanism of Radical Species by Tyrosine-Tyrosinase Reaction

Alleviated melanin formation in the skin through inhibition of tyrosine-tyrosinase reaction is one of the major targets of cosmetics for whitening ability. Since melanin has a pivotal role for photoprotection, there are pros and cons of inhibition of melanin formation. This study applying electron spin resonance (ESR)-spin trapping method revealed that •H and •OH are generated through tyrosine-tyrosinase reaction. When deuterium water was used instead of H2O, the signal of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO)-H (a spin adduct of DMPO and •H) greatly decreased, whilst DMPO-OH (a spin adduct of DMPO and •OH) did not. Thus, it is suggested that •H was derived from H2O, and •OH through oxidative catalytic process of tyrosine to dopaquinone. Our study suggests that tyrosinase inhibitors might contribute to alleviate the oxidative damage of the skin by inhibiting •OH generation via the enzyme reaction

A case of placenta percreta with massive hemorrhage during cesarean section

We describe a case of a 39-year-old woman diagnosed with placenta percreta complicated by massive hemorrhage during a cesarean section. At 27 weeks of gestation, she underwent an emergency cesarean section under general anesthesia for vaginal bleeding and an intrauterine infection. Soon after delivery, a massive hemorrhage was encountered while attempting to separate the placenta percreta from the bladder wall. Although total abdominal hysterectomy and partial cystectomy were performed, massive hemorrhaging persisted. Bleeding was finally controlled following bilateral internal iliac artery embolization. We used a cell salvage device and a rapid infuser for hemodynamics stabilization. Total blood loss was 47,000 mL, and anesthesia time was 12 h and 47 min. The patient was discharged on the 32nd postoperative day without major complications. Placenta accreta can be associated with life-threatening hemorrhage and it is vital to plan accordingly preoperatively

チイキ ホウカツ シエンセンター センモンショクシャ ニ ヨル ジュウミン ノ ジリツ シエン ニ ムケタ タショクシュ トノ ジョウホウ キョウユウ ニ ツイテ

本研究は，地域包括支援センター専門職者による住民の自立支援に向けた多職種との情報共有の特徴を明確にすることを目的とした。研究協力の同意が得られた地域包括支援センター専門職者13名にフォーカス・グループ・インタビューを実施し，質的分析を行った。その結果，地域包括支援センター専門職者は，当事者である住民同士がつながる仕組み作りを基本に，地域での情報共有の素地をつくり，住民支援や地域包括ケアの見える化を行い，多職種連携により支援困難な住民の問題を解決していたことが明らかになった。今後は，個人情報保護を踏まえて，住民の健康時からの支援や地域連携促進を可能にし，地域包括ケアの質向上を目指した情報ツールの開発の必要性が示唆された。This study aimed to identify the characteristics of information-sharing among multi-disciplinary professionals to support residents’ independence at a Community Integrated Support Center. We conducted a focus group interview with 13 professionals who agreed to participate in the research, and analyzed the data qualitatively. We clarified the characteristics of information-sharing among professionals in the community, based on the system of comprehensive community care which strengthened their relationship with the residents. Results showed that multidisciplinary collaboration improved the level of support for residents whose cooperation was difficult to obtain. Further development of an information-sharing system and protection of the residents’ privacy was suggested in order to improve the quality of integrated care throughout the whole of community

Complete Genomic Structure of the Bloom-forming Toxic Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-843

The nucleotide sequence of the complete genome of a cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-843, was determined. The genome of M. aeruginosa is a single, circular chromosome of 5 842 795 base pairs (bp) in length, with an average GC content of 42.3%. The chromosome comprises 6312 putative protein-encoding genes, two sets of rRNA genes, 42 tRNA genes representing 41 tRNA species, and genes for tmRNA, the B subunit of RNase P, SRP RNA, and 6Sa RNA. Forty-five percent of the putative protein-encoding sequences showed sequence similarity to genes of known function, 32% were similar to hypothetical genes, and the remaining 23% had no apparent similarity to reported genes. A total of 688 kb of the genome, equivalent to 11.8% of the entire genome, were composed of both insertion sequences and miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements. This is indicative of a plasticity of the M. aeruginosa genome, through a mechanism that involves homologous recombination mediated by repetitive DNA elements. In addition to known gene clusters related to the synthesis of microcystin and cyanopeptolin, novel gene clusters that may be involved in the synthesis and modification of toxic small polypeptides were identified. Compared with other cyanobacteria, a relatively small number of genes for two component systems and a large number of genes for restriction-modification systems were notable characteristics of the M. aeruginosa genome