The Asian Developmental State and the Flying Geese Paradigm

__Abstract__ East Asian economies have been subject to theoretical debates, especially regarding the principal factors that have contributed to their impressive development performance. Many economists familiar with the region’s institutional particularities believe that their catching-up process has much to do with the role of the neo-mercantilist state, often embedded in the concept of the developmental state. On the other hand, the recent phenomenon of regional industrial dynamism, most clearly after the mid-1980s, has drawn attention to the concept of the Flying Geese paradigm. The question at hand is compatibility between the neo-mercantilist concept of the developmental state based on nationalist sentiment on the one hand, and the neo-liberal concept of the Flying Geese (FG) paradigm based on market rationalism on the other. In a sense, this resembles the old state vs. market debate. The paper contemplates an outlook of the developmental state in the light of growing regionalist drive in East Asia. More specifically, it explores the possibility of developmental regionalism. Developmental regionalism, in our framework, upholds a hybrid of limited liberalism at the national level and protectionism at the regional level. It is also a hybrid of North-South and South-South cooperation for achieving agreed specialization. While our discussion is at the exploratory stage with respect to concrete policy implications, developmental regionalism could contribute to bridging the aforementioned two contending concepts.

Impulse Generation by an Open Shock Tube

We perform experimental and numerical studies of a shock tube with an open end. The purpose is to investigate the impulse due to the exhaust of gases through the open end of the tube as a model for a partially filled detonation tube as used in pulse detonation engine testing. We study the effects of the pressure ratio (varied from 3 to 9.2) and the volume ratio (expressed as fill fractions) between the driver and driven section. Two different driver gases, helium and nitrogen, and fill fractions between 5 and 100% are studied; the driven section is filled with air. For both driver gases, increasing the pressure ratio leads to larger specific impulses. The specific impulse increases for a decreasing fill fraction for the helium driver, but the impulse is almost independent of the fill fraction for the nitrogen driver. Two-dimensional (axisymmetric) numerical simulations are carried out for both driver gases. The simulation results show reasonable agreement with experimental measurements at high pressure ratios or small fill fractions, but there are substantial discrepancies for the smallest pressure ratios studied. Empirical models for the impulse in the limits of large and small fill fractions are also compared with the data. Reasonable agreement is found for the trends with fill fractions using the Gurney or Sato model at large fill fractions, but only Cooper’s bubble model is able to predict the small fill fraction limit. Computations of acoustic impedance and numerical simulations of unsteady gas dynamics indicate that the interaction of waves with the driver-driven gas interface and the propagation of waves in the driven gas play an essential role in the partial-fill effect

Atmospheric neutrino flux at INO, South Pole and Pyh\"asalmi

We present the calculation of the atmospheric neutrino fluxes for the neutrino experiments proposed at INO, South Pole and Pyh\"asalmi. Neutrino fluxes have been obtained using ATMNC, a simulation code for cosmic ray in the atmosphere. Even using the same primary flux model and the interaction model, the calculated atmospheric neutrino fluxes are different for the different sites due to the geomagnetic field. The prediction of these fluxes in the present paper would be quite useful in the experimental analysis.Comment: 12Pages,9Fig

A Critical Evaluation of the Flying Geese Paradigm: the evolving framework of the model and its application to East Asian regional development and beyond

The Flying Geese (FG) began with the original model in the 1930s delineating the catch-up process of a singular late industrializer, namely Japan, from the late 19th century, and has since evolved into a prototype development framework of collective catch-up process of national economies as a regional group (such as East Asia). It has also evolved as an intellectual guideline that early industrializers may deploy in their diplomatic discourse with late industrializers. This Asian model underlines the generally positive nature of Centre-Periphery interplay, which is in clear contrast with critical perspectives of the Latin American structuralist school. This dissertation addresses the FG paradigm by reconstructing its intellectual lineage by undertaking some primary archival research (in Japanese) from the prewar period, together with an extensive literature review of major scholastic works in the postwar period, particularly after the 1960s on the East Asian development performance. The thesis highlights how the evolutionary process has transformed many parts of the model, and critically discusses various conceptual problems associated with different versions of the model. The rise (and fall) of the model’s appeal, particularly as a regional development model for East Asia (and beyond), has been attributable to the varying degrees of intensity and zeal with which its proponents have advocated the model. The model has gone through a “subsided period” twice, first, after Japan’s defeat in World War II (WWII) (until the early 1960s), and second, after the burst of the country’s financial bubble in the early 1990s (until the 2000s). After each hiatus, nonetheless, the model has revived. The first revival (from the 1960s to the early 1990s) may be attributed to Japanese researchers and policy-makers dealing with Japan’s industrial reforms in the context of East Asian development, and the second revival (from the 2000s to the present) to new researchers on China’s industrialization and development diplomacy. The change of the FG proponents has also affected some aspects of the model, while keeping some of its core elements intact. The analysis in this thesis compares and contrasts the Japan-centric model and the China-centric model. It argues that whereas the Japan-centric model dealt with the national (domestic) and regional (East Asian) development processes in a sequential fashion, the China-centric model now deals with two processes in a very compressed fashion. In fact, the contemporary model admits the simultaneous occurrence of the “internal” industrial diffusion within China and the conventional “external” (cross-border) industrial diffusion. Furthermore, China’s overall development trajectory encompasses a much wider area than East Asia, as its need for large external resources and markets for its own development has obliged this emerging economy to widen the scope of its foreign economic policy. The geographical sphere to which the FG paradigm applies under China’s initiative is fluid, and certainly much greater than East Asia. As far as the functional validity of the FG paradigm for East Asia is concerned, the emergence of China in the dynamic context of the region (and beyond) is a mixed blessing. This is because the sustained function of the model depends, most importantly, on the existence of a hierarchy of development achievement – or technology gap – among constituent regional economies. Here, a major fear is “flattening” of the regional hierarchy, either due to the very slow pace of industrial upgrad

Single crystal growth and physical properties of SrFe2_{2}(As1−x_{1-x}Px_{x})2_{2}

We report a crystal growth and physical properties of SrFe$_{2}$(As$_{1-x}$P$_{x}$)$_{2}$. The single crystals for various $x$s were grown by a self flux method. For $x = 0.35$, $T_c$ reaches the maximum value of 30\,K and the electrical resistivity $\rho$($T$) shows $T$-linear dependence. As $x$ increases, $T_{c}$ decreases and $\rho$($T$) changes to $T^2$-behavior, indicating a standard Fermi liquid. These results suggest that a magnetic quantum critical point exists around $x=0.35$.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted to Supplemental issue of the Journal of Physical Society of Japan (JPSJ