Form of an evolutionary tradeoff affects eco-evolutionary dynamics in a predator-prey system

遺伝的多様性の新しい影響を発見 -わずかな性質の違いが生態系を変化させる可能性-. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2014-10-23.Evolution on a time scale similar to ecological dynamics has been increasingly recognized for the last three decades. Selection mediated by ecological interactions can change heritable phenotypic variation (i.e., evolution), and evolution of traits, in turn, can affect ecological interactions. Hence, ecological and evolutionary dynamics can be tightly linked and important to predict future dynamics, but our understanding of eco-evolutionary dynamics is still in its infancy and there is a significant gap between theoretical predictions and empirical tests. Empirical studies have demonstrated that the presence of genetic variation can dramatically change ecological dynamics, whereas theoretical studies predict that eco-evolutionary dynamics depend on the details of the genetic variation, such as the form of a tradeoff among genotypes, which can be more important than the presence or absence of the genetic variation. Using a predator–prey (rotifer–algal) experimental system in laboratory microcosms, we studied how different forms of a tradeoff between prey defense and growth affect eco-evolutionary dynamics. Our experimental results show for the first time to our knowledge that different forms of the tradeoff produce remarkably divergent eco-evolutionary dynamics, including near fixation, near extinction, and coexistence of algal genotypes, with quantitatively different population dynamics. A mathematical model, parameterized from completely independent experiments, explains the observed dynamics. The results suggest that knowing the details of heritable trait variation and covariation within a population is essential for understanding how evolution and ecology will interact and what form of eco-evolutionary dynamics will result

生態システムにおける動的な生物間相互作用とその影響

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学准教授 吉田 丈人, 東京大学教授 嶋田 正和, 東京大学教授 伊藤 元己, 総合研究大学院大学教授 佐々木 顕, 京都大学教授 山内 淳University of Tokyo(東京大学

Loss of mTOR complex 1 induces developmental blockage in early T-lymphopoiesis and eradicates T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells

13301甲第4350号博士（医学）金沢大学博士論文要旨Abstract 要約Outline 以下に掲載：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111(10) pp.3805-3810 2014. National Academy of Sciences. 共著者：星居 孝之, 笠田 篤郎, 畠山 朋樹, 大谷 真志, 田所 優子, 仲 一仁, 池上 恒雄, 伊川 友活, 河本 宏, Hans Joerg Fehling, 荒木 善美, 山村 研一, 松田 達志, 平尾