Ruminal microbial protein synthesis in sheep fed forages of varying nutritive value

Two digestion experiments were conducted to determine the factors affecting the amount and the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (MOEFF) in sheep fed forages of varying nutritive value without and with protein supplementation. Six and five wethers in the first and second experiment, fitted with cannulae in the rumen and proximal duodenum, were utilized in a 6 x 6 and 5 x 5 Latin Square metabolism trial in the first and second experiment. Sheep were fed ground corn crop residues, oat-berseem clover or alfalfa hay at two levels of intake in the first experiment. In the second experiment, ground corn crop residue with or without alfalfa or oat-berseem, clover hay supplemented to meet DIP requirements were fed to sheep ad libitum intake. In both experiments, chromium-mordanted fiber, cobalt-EDTA, and bacterial purines were used to determine digesta flow and rate of solid passage, liquid dilution rate, and microbial protein flow into the duodenum, respectively. In experiment 1, dry matter intake, and the amounts of OM apparently and truly digested in the rumen (g/d; P \u3c .05) were different between sheep fed unsupplemented forages. Slow particulate turnover rate, liquid dilution rate, post-feeding ruminal ammonia-N and VFA concentrations, total duodenal flow of microbial-N (g/d), and MOEFF (g MCP/g 100 of OMTDR) were lower (P \u3c .05) in sheep fed corn crop residues compared to sheep fed hays. While total duodenal microbial-N flow linearly increased with increasing OMI (r2 = .97), and amount of OMTDR (r2 = .97), MOEFF was quadratically related to g NTDR/100 g OMTDR (r2 = .82) and the slow rate of particulate turnover (r2 = .91). In experiment II, increasing level of hay proportion in diets linearly increased (P \u3c .05) dry matter intake, the amounts of OM apparently or truly digested and liquid dilution rate in the rumen. Post-feeding ruminal ammonia-N concentration decreased (P \u3c .01) as the corn crop residue:hay ratio decreased in the diets. Increasing level of hay proportion in the diets linearly increased (P \u3c .01) total duodenal flow of microbial-N, but did not affect MOEFF. Total duodenal microbial-N flow was linearly correlated to OMI (r2 = .96), and amount of OMTDR (r2 = .96), but MOEFF was quadratically related to g NTDR/100 g OMTDR (r2 = .96)

ÇEVRİMİÇİ KOMPULSİF SATIN ALMADA TEKNOLOJİK BAĞIMLILIKLAR VE KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN ROLÜ

Bu tez çalışmasında tüketicilerin çevrimiçi kompulsif satın alma davranışlarında, teknolojik bağımlılık düzeyleri, kişilik özellikleri ve gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusunun etkisini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamına materyalizm, depresyon-stres ve öz saygı kişilik özellikleri, akıllı telefon bağımlılığı, sosyal medya bağımlığı ve gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu alınmıştır. Tez çalışması tüketici psikolojisi ve kişilik özelliklerinin derinlemesine incelenmesi amacıyla hem nicel hem de nitel yöntemden faydalanılarak karma yöntem kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın nicel kısmında çevrimiçi kompulsif satın alma davranışı üzerinde depresyon, olumsuz öz saygı, akıllı telefon bağımlılığı, sosyal medya bağımlılığı ve gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusunun etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanında gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusunun akıllı telefon bağımlılığı ve sosyal medya bağımlılığı üzerinde pozitif yönde etkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Teknolojik bağımlılıklar ile kişilik özellikleri arasında da ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Araştırmanın nitel kısmında ise ruh hali, rahatlama/iyi hissetme, statü tüketimi, akıllı telefon bağımlılığı, akıllı telefonun alışverişte kullanımı, akıllı telefonun satın almaya etkisi, günceli kaçırma endişesi, çevrimiçi olmanın satın alma üzerindeki etkisi temaları elde edilmiştir

Viewpoint to Rape and Self-esteem in a Turkish Late-Adolescent Population

AbstractRape is one of the traumatic factors that has pervasive and devastating consequences. Unlike many other major traumatic situations the concept of “rape” is controversial and prone to various myths and gender-related perceptual biases. On the other hand such obscure cultural norms, when combined with necessary personality features, result in rape myths. 72 subjects (37 female and 35 male) with an average age of 20 were given Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Attitudes About Rape Victims Scale. Our results indicate that negative attitudes about rape victims and stereotypic thoughts about rape is closely related to issues like self-esteem and self-continuity as well as gender

Ruminal Microbial Protein Synthesis in Sheep Fed Forages of Varying Nutritive Values

Six wethers, fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulae, were utilized in a 6 x 6 Latin Square metabolism trial to determine efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in the rumen of sheep fed forages with varying nutritional quality. Ground alfalfa hay, oat-berseem clover hay, and baled corn crop residues were fed at an ad libitum or limited intake level. Chromium-mordanted fiber, cobalt- EDTA, and purines were used to determine digesta flow and solid passage rate, dilution rate, and microbial protein production, respectively. Sheep fed alfalfa hay had greater organic matter (OM) intakes, and amounts of OM apparently and truly ruminally digested (g/d; P \u3c .05) than sheep fed either oat-berseem clover or corn crop residues at the ad libitum intake level. Rates of slow solid and liquid passage, and postfeeding ruminal ammonia-nitrogen (N) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentrations were lower (P \u3c .05) in sheep fed corn crop residues than those fed alfalfa or oat-berseem clover hay. Total duodenal flows (g/d) and efficiencies of ruminal synthesis (g crude protein/100 g of OM truly digested; P \u3c .05) of microbial protein were less in sheep fed corn crop residues than in sheep fed alfalfa, and oatberseem clover ad libitum. Whereas total duodenal microbial-N flow was related to organic matter intake (OMI; r2 = .97) and OM truly digested in the rumen (OMTDR; r2 = .97), microbial efficiency was related to g of nitroge truly digested in the rumen (NTDR)/100 g of OMTDR (r2 = .82) and slow solid passage rate (r2 = .91)

Compressive Strength and Microstructural Characteristics of Natural Zeolite-Based Geopolymer

A detailed study of geopolymeric reaction products and mechanical properties of geopolymer pastes prepared with natural zeolite has been investigated by means of compressive strength, XRD and SEM/EDX analysis. Sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide solutions are used as an alkaline activator. The results of the investigation show that the activator ratio plays an important role on the mechanical development of geopolymer pastes. The geopolymeric gel and CSH phase with a low Ca/Si ratio are found as the main reaction product. The increased intensity of CSH phase has a significant effect on the improvement of the compressive strength. Decreased intensity of clinoptilolite and totally consumed clay mineral upon geopolymerization proves the involvement of the aluminosilicate phases in the geopolymeric reaction. The existence of sodium and increment of Si/Al ratio with respect to original zeolitic tuff were detected. The results also show that the investigated natural zeolite, which is emerged as an environmentally friendly, low-cost material, is suitable for the production of geopolymer cement

9th Grade Students' Learning of Designing an Incubator through Instruction Based on Engineering Design Tasks

In this study, a STEM activity was designed in which 9th-grade students can complete the task of making incubators by overcoming the difficulties they face in the engineering design process. This activity has been handled in the context of energy conversion and prepared based on the engineering design process consisting of 9 stages. The activity was applied to 34 (19 females and 15 males) 9th-grade students studying at a public school in the Eastern Black Sea Region in Turkey in the fall semester of the 2019-2020 academic year. This application took 7 lesson hours (7x40 minutes) in total. At each stage of the engineering design process, students worked like an engineer and scientists by collaboratively conducting scientific research and inquiry. Throughout the process, students were confronted with several difficulties, given the time and opportunity to help them develop STEM literacy. More importantly, the students had the opportunity to experience a STEM activity by putting the steps of the engineering design process into practice

The Effect of Maturity and Frost Killing of Forages on Degradation Kinetics and Escape Protein Concentration

Two consecutive in situ studies were conducted to determine the effects of maturity and frost killing of forages (alfalfa and berseem clover) on degradation kinetics and escape protein concentrations. Four maturities (3, 5, 7, and 9 weeks after second harvest) of forages collected from three locations were used to determine the effects of maturity. Four weeks after a killing frost (-2o C), berseem clover was harvested from the same locations previously sampled. To evaluate maturity, 336 DacronÒ bags containing all maturities of either alfalfa or berseem clover were placed into the rumen of two fistulated steers fed alfalfa-grass hay. Frost killing effects of berseem clover were compared with maturecut berseem clover by placing DacronÒ bags into the rumen of one fistulated steer fed alfalfa hay. Bags were incubated for periods of 0 to 48 hours. With increasing maturity, the proportion of non-degradable protein (NDP) and the rate of crude protein (CP) degradation increased in both forages. While the rate of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradation and potentially degradable protein proportion (PDP) increased with increasing maturity in alfalfa, the rate of NDF degradation and PDP proportion decreased and proportion of water soluble protein (WSP) increased in berseem clover. The proportion of protein escaping rumen degradation (PEP) was greater in berseem clover than alfalfa, but was not affected by maturity. Frost killing of mature berseem clover decreased WSP proportion and increased PDP proportion compared to mature berseem clover harvested live. Even though ADIN concentration was higher for frost-killed berseem clover, PEP and total escape protein concentration (CEP) was also higher for frostkilled berseem clover than mature berseem clover harvested live, due to decreases in the rate of ruminal N degradation with frost-killing

Does the non-union scoring system (NUSS) affect the treatment approach of non-union?

Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of the non-union scoring system (NUSS) in predicting the result and in guiding the treatment by comparing the treatment methods applied to non-union patients we treat in our clinic with the treatment methods suggested by the NUSS. Methods: The study included 116 patients, who were diagnosed with long bone (femur, tibia and humerus) non-union and treated in our clinic. Of the 116 patients with non-union, 48 had femur (41.38 %), 39 had tibia (33.62%) and 29 had humerus (25%) non-union. The patient scores were calculated according to the NUSS criteria. The patients were divided into four groups according to their total scores. There were 34 patients in the first group (0-25 points), 49 patients in the second group (26-50 points), 30 patients in the third group (51-75 points) and three patients in the fourth group (76-100 points). Results: Union that was achieved in 79 (68.10%) of all patients was detected in 97.05% of the patients in the first group, 83.67% in the second group, and 16.66 % in the third group. Amputation, arthroplasty and arthrodesis were applied to three patients in the fourth group. While union rate was 100 % in the femur and tibia in the first group, it was 90% in the humerus. The union rates were 85.71% in the humerus, 75% in the femur and 100% in the tibia in the second group. They were 20 % in the humerus, 15.38% in the femur and 16.66% in the tibia in the third group. The number of patients treated with the treatment proposed by the NUSS: 100% in the group 1, 83.67% in the group 2, 20% in the group 3 and 100% in the group 4. The risk of non-union in those who were not treated according to the NUSS recommendations was 28 times higher than that of others. Conclusions: The results of our study suggest that more frequent use of the NUSS procedure in non-union treatment planning may increase treatment success. In addition, NUSS can provide information about the treatment process of non-unions

On wavelet type Bernstein operators

This paper deals with construction and studying wavelet type Bernstein operators by using the compactly supported Daubechies wavelets of the given function $f$. The basis used in this construction is the wavelet expansion of the function $f$ instead of its rational sampling values $f\big( \frac{k}{n}\big)$. After that, we investigate some properties of these operators in some function spaces