INVENTARISASI HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TANAMAN JATI UNGGUL NUSANTARA DI KEBUN PERCOBAAN COGREK BOGOR

Inventory of Plant Pest and Disease of Superior Nusantara Teak in Experimental Garden Cogrek, Bogor        Research on inventory and identification of pests and diseases of plants (PDP) which attacked Superior Teak Plant Nusantara (JUN), aimed to be able to control more effectively and efficiently. The experiment was conducted from November to January 2012, at the Experimental garden Cogrek, University of Nusa Bangsa. Inventory PDP was done with looking around the teak tree stands. The parameters investigated were the symptoms of an attack, the damage caused by PDP and other pests that were in the enveroment of teak stands. Sampling was done by taking the part of plant pests and plant diseases of teak. Identification was done directly or indirectly. Direct identification was through direct observation in the field by observing the symptoms of an attack and assess the extent of damage and the pathogen bioecology information. While indirect way was done with sampling of pathogen of infected plants. then taken to the laboratory to be identified. The results of this study concluded that : the type of pests that were found were various types of grasshoppers (Order Orthoptera), teak leaf caterpillar (Hiblaea puera), tree termites, termite rods, subterranean termites, mealybug (Pseudococcus) and beetle pests, powder wet (Xyleborus destruens). Type of disease found Wet leaf blight (Blight), stem rot and open wounds caused by a fungus (Phytophteras, sp). While the percentage of crop damage index of teak was lower than the results of previous studies on plant of age 3 years old.Keywords : Teak Superior archipelago, Inventory, Pests, Diseases. ABSTRAK          Penelitian mengenai inventarisasi dan identifikasi hama dan penyakit tanaman (HPT) yang menyerang tanaman Jati Unggul Nusantara (JUN), bertujuan untuk dapat melakukan pengendalian yang lebih efektif dan efisien. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Nopember sampai Januari 2012, di Kebun Percobaan Cogrek Universitas Nusa Bangsa. Inventarisasi HPT dilakukan dengan mengadakan pengamatan HPT disekitar tegakan pohon Jati (JUN). Parameter yang diamati berupa gejala serangan dan kerusakan yang disebabkan oleh HPT serta jenis hama lainnya yang berada pada lingkungan sekitar tegakan jati. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara mengambil bagian tanaman yang terserang hama dan penyakit tanaman Jati (JUN). Identifikasi dilakukan secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Identifikasi secara langsung melalui pengamatan langsung di lapangan dengan mengamati gejala serangan dan menilai tingkat kerusakan serta informasi bioekologi patogen tersebut. Sedangkan cara tidak langsung dilakukan dengan pengambilan contoh/sampel spesimen patogen dan tanaman terserang. Selanjutnya dibawa ke laboratorium untuk diidentifikasi. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa : jenis hama yang ditemukan adalah berbagai jenis belalang (Ordo Orthoptera), ulat daun jati (Hiblaea puera), rayap pohon, rayap batang, rayap tanah, kutu putih (Pseudococcus), dan Hama Kumbang, Bubuk Basah (Xyleborus destruens).  Jenis penyakit yang ditemukan adalah Hawar Daun (Blight), busuk batang dan luka terbuka yang disebabkan oleh jamur (Phytophteras, sp). Sedangkan persentase indeks kerusakan tanaman jati lebih rendah dibandingkan hasil penelitian sebelumnya yaitu pada umur tanaman 3 tahun.Kata Kunci : Jati Unggul Nusantara, Inventarisasi, Hama, Penyakit

The Fruit Characteristics of Ambon Forest Nutmeg (Myristica fatua Houtt) and Banda Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt)

Ambon Forest nutmeg (Myristica fatua Houtt) is one of the endemic plants in Indonesia. The morphological characteristic of Ambon Forest nutmeg is slightly different from that of Banda nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) i.e., it is not used as spices, but its oil is used as a lamp oil. This study aimed to determine the chemical components and essential oils of Ambon Forest nutmeg derived from its seeds, mace, and flesh compared to Banda nutmeg. Extractions of essential oils were performed using a steam hydro-distillation. Analysis of chemical compositions and contents of essential oil was carried out using a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) instrument and SNI 06-2388-2006 method.  The essential oil contents in Ambon Forest nutmeg were relatively low, i.e., 0.63% in the seeds, 0.30% in the mace, and 0.04% in the flesh compared to Banda nutmeg i.e., 1% in the seeds, 40% in the mace, and 3.5% in the fruit flesh. The chemical compositions of essential oils showed that M. fatua Houtt contained 12 compounds in the seeds, 24 compounds in the mace, and 17 compounds in the fruit flesh, while for Banda Nutmeg, the contents of essential oils were  found 18 compounds in the seeds, 10 compounds in the mace, and 15 compounds in the fruit flesh. M. fatua Houtt contained the highest Copaene, i.e., 28.41% in the seeds, 10.42% in the mace, and 23.33% in the fruit flesh. Myristicin, as the main marker compound of nutmeg oil, was also found in Ambon Forest nutmeg i.e., 1.3% in the seeds, 1.16% in the mace, and 5.19% in the fruit flesh. However, these results showed lower contents when compared to Banda nutmeg with Myristicin contents of 8.72% in the seeds, 10.14% in the mace, and 10.46% in the fruit flesh. Keywords: Essential oil, Myristica fatua Houtt, Myristica fragrans Houtt, Nutme

POTENSI PERAKARAN BIBIT TANAMAN NANAS BOGOR (Ananas comusus L. Merr) ASAL STEK DAUN MAHKOTA BUAH

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PENGARUH APLIKASI BENZIL AMINO PURIN TERHADAP MULTIPLIKASI TUNAS TALAS (Colocasia esculenta L.) SECARA KULTUR JARINGAN

ABSTRACTOne way to produce seeds in a short time is through vegetative propagation by in vitro culture. This study aims to determine the effect of the application of a certain concentration of Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) on the multiplication of taro shoots (Colocasia esculenta L.). The research was carried out at the Laboratory of the Food and Agriculture Security Service of Bogor City, in August 2020 – February 2021. The test was carried out with a one factor completely randomized design, namely the concentration of BAP with 4 treatment levels and one control. The treatments of growth regulators (ZPT) were P0 (Control), P1 (0.5 mg/L BAP + 0.2 mg/L NAA), P2 (1 mg/L BAP + 0.2 mg/L NAA), P3 (1.5 mg/L BAP + 0.2 mg/L NAA), P4 (2 mg/L BAP + 0.2 mg/L NAA). The replications number for each treatment and control level was 4, so that the total experimental units were 20. Observation parameters included height of shoot, number of shoots, leaves, and roots. This research showed that the application of BAP on Murashige and Skoog basic media affected the number of shoots also the roots in the multiplication of taro plants. The P2 was the best treatment in stimulating the multiplication of bentul taro plants in vitro. This treatment could induce shoot height, number of shoots, and leaves while the P1 treatment increased the number of roots. ABSTRAKSalah satu cara untuk mengadakan bibit dalam waktu yang singkat adalah melalui perbanyakan vegetatif secara kultur in vitro. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi konsentrasi Benzil Amino Purin (BAP) dengan konsentrasi tertantu terhadap multiplikasi tunas talas (Colocasia esculenta L.). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Dinas Ketahanan Pangan dan Pertanian Kota Bogor, pada Agustus 2020 – Februari 2021. Pengujian dilakukan dengan rancangan acak lengkap dengan satu faktor yaitu konsentrasi BAP dengan 4 taraf perlakuan dan satu kontrol. Perlakuan zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) yaitu P0 (Kontrol), Pl (0,5 mg/L BAP + 0,2 mg/L NAA), P2 (1 mg/L BAP + 0,2 mg/L NAA), P3 (1,5 mg/L BAP + 0,2 mg/L NAA), P4 (2 mg/L BAP+0,2 mg/L NAA). Jumlah ulangan untuk setiap taraf perlakuan dan kontrol adalah 4, sehingga keseluruhan unit percobaan berjumlah 20. Parameter pengamatan mencakup tinggi tunas, jumlah tunas, daun, dan akar. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi BAP pada media Murashige dan Skoog berpengaruh terhadap jumlah tunas dan akar pada multiplikasi tanaman talas. P2 merupakan perlakuan terbaik dalam memicu multiplikasi tanaman talas bentul secara in vitro. Perlakuan tersebut dapat menginduksi tinggi tunas, jumlah tunas, dan daun sedangkan perlakuan P1 mendorong peningkatan jumlah akar

Secondary Metabolites and Potential Antioxidants of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) Mace from West Java

Nutmeg mace is a mesh-shaped seed coat that is bright red when the fruit is ripe and yellowish-white when immature, which generally contains secondary metabolites such as flavonoids and phenolics. This study aimed to examine the content of flavonoids and phenolics, the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of the nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) mace based on three regions in West Java i.e. Sukabumi, Cianjur, and Bogor District with age differences. Total phenolic content was measured spectrophotometrically using the Folin Ciocalteau reagent. The total flavonoid content was quantitatively measured using the AlCl3 colorimetric method. Antioxidant activity was tested by measuring the IC50 using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) method. The highest phenolic content was found in young nutmeg from Sukabumi Regency (76.40 mgTAE/g). The highest flavonoid content was found in old age mace nutmeg from Bogor Regency (20.33 mgQE/g). Nutmeg mace has the potential as a natural antioxidant because it can reduce free radicals in DPPH with the lowest IC50 of 153.5 mg/L in old mace from Cianjur District.Keywords: Myristica fragrans Houtt; Mace; Phenolic; Flavonoid; Antioxidant ActivityABSTRAKKandungan Metabolit Sekunder Dan Potensi Antioksidan Fuli Buah Pala (Myristica Fragrans Houtt) Dari Jawa BaratFuli pala adalah selubung biji berbentuk jala berwarna merah terang ketika buah sudah matang dan berwarna putih kekuningan ketika belum matang, yang  umumnya mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder diantaranya flavonoid dan fenolik. Tujuan penelitian ini  untuk menguji kandungan senyawa flavonoid, fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol fuli pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt) berdasarkan tiga wilayah yaitu Kabupaten Sukabumi, Kabupaten Cianjur dan Kabupaten Bogor dengan perbedaan usia. Kadar total fenolik diukur spektrofotometri menggunakan reagen Folin Ciocalteau, Kadar total flavonoid secara kuantitatif dengan metode kolorimetri AlCl3. Aktivitas antioksidan diuji dengan mengukur nilai IC50 dengan metode 2,2- difenil-1-pikril hidrazil (DPPH). Kadar fenolik tertinggi didapatkan pada pala usia muda dari Kabupaten Sukabumi dengan kadar sebesar 76,40 mgTAE/g. Kadar flavonoid tertinggi didapat pada fuli pala usia tua di Kabupaten Bogor dengan kadar sebesar 20,33 mgQE/g. Fuli buah pala berpotensi sebagai antioksidan alami karena mampu meredam radikal bebas pada DPPH dengan IC50 terendah sebesar 153,5 mg/L yang diperoleh dari fuli usia tua dari Kabupaten Cianjur.Kata kunci: Myristica fragrans Houtt; Fuli; Fenolik; Flavonoid; Aktivitas Antioksida

Aplikasi Pupuk Organik Cair Berbahan Baku Urin Ternak Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.)

Abstrak Pupuk organik bentuk cair berbahan urin dari ternak adalah salah satu alternatif pupuk ramah lingkungan yang dapat meningkatkan produksi dan pertumbuhan pakcoy. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, peneliti terdorong melaksanakan kajian dengan tujuan mengetahui dampak pemberian pupuk organik cair berbahan urin ternak terhadap perkembangan tumbuhan pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.). Percobaan lima perlakuan memakai Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang merupakan pemberian tipe pupuk organik cair hasil ternak urin kambing, urin sapi dan urin kelinci, pupuk kimia AB Mix sebagai pembanding dan tanpa pemupukan (kontrol). Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap tinggi tanaman, kuantitas daun, berat kering dan berat basah panen. Data  dianalisis menggunakan software SPSS serta diuji  Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil kajian yaitu pada semua pupuk organik cair terjadi peningkatan kandungan unsur P, penurunan unsur K dan pH setelah difermentasi pH berkisar 6,85–8,45 dan sesuai dengan peraturan Menteri Pertanian No. 70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2011 tentang pupuk organik, pupuk hayati, dan pembenah tanah. Pupuk organik cair berbahan urin ternak mampu meningkatkan jumlah daun dan tinggi tanaman pakcoy yang secara sig nifikan berbeda dibandingkan pupuk kimia.  Aplikasi pupuk organik cair urin kambing menghasilkan berat kering dan berat basah panen pakcoy yang serupa dengan pupuk kimia.  AbstractLiquid organic fertilizer made from urine from livestock is an alternative to environmentally friendly fertilizers that can increase pakcoy production and growth. Based on this, researchers are interested in conducting research to determine the effect of liquid organic fertilizer made from livestock urine on the growth of pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.). The experiment was carried out with five treatments using a completely randomized design (CRD), namely the application of liquid organic fertilizer from goat urine, cow urine and rabbit urine, chemical fertilizer AB Mix as a comparison, and without fertilization (control). Observations were made on plant height, a number of leaves, dry weight and wet weight of harvest. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and further tested with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results of the study were that in all liquid organic fertilizers there was an increase in the content of P elements, a decrease in K elements, and pH after fermentation. 70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2011 concerning organic fertilizers, biological fertilizers, and soil enhancers. Liquid organic fertilizer made from livestock urine is able to increase the number of leaves and plant height of pakcoy which is significantly different from chemical fertilizers. The application of goat urine liquid organic fertilizer resulted in the same dry weight and wet weight of pakcoy harvest as chemical fertilizers. 

PEMBERDAYAAN KELOMPOK MASYARAKAT (POKMAS) DALAM PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DI KELURAHAN CIBADAK

Abstract The problem of household waste in the city of Bogor is included in the Cibadak Village, is still the main problem because the volume continues to increase along with the population are increased. Improper handling of waste will cause environmental pollution and have an impact on people’s health. Therefore, it needs to manage waste at the household and community levels through empowering waste management groups at the RW level. The results of community service activities in the Cibadak village already have TPS3R RW 04 and TPS Kukupu RW 08. The manager of TPS3R and TPS Kukuku RW 08 has carried out household waste collection activities as well as sorting organic and non-organic waste. Organic waste has not been processed into compost and non-organic waste has not been used as raw material for handicrafts, but is directly sold to collectors. The household compost produced has the potential to be used as commercial compost because it has compost specifications (based on SNI 19-7030-2004), some of them are black in color and have a total N nutrient content of 0.45%, higher than the minimum limit. Community empowerment can improve the skills of waste managers. Community empowerment in household waste management also has a positive impact because it can improve cleanliness and reduce the level of environmental pollution. In community empowerment activities in household waste management, the partner role is needed for increase the role of TPS3R and TPS managers through community empowerment independently.AbstrakPermasalahan sampah rumah tangga yang ada di Kota Bogor termasuk di Kelurahan Cibadak, masih menjadi masalah utama karena volumenya terus bertambah seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah penduduk. Penanganan sampah yang kurang baik akan meningkatkan pencemaran lingkungan dan berdampak negatif pada kesehatan masyarakat. Oleh karenanya perlu dilakukan pengelolaan sampah di tingkat rumah tangga dan masyarakat melalui pemberdayaan kelompok-kelompok pengelola sampah di tingkat RW. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian di kelurahan Cibadak sudah ada pada TPS3R RW 04 dan TPS Kukupu RW 08. Pengelola TPS3R dan TPS Kukupu RW 08 sudah melakukan kegiatan pengumpulan sampah rumah tangga serta melakukan pemilahan sampah organik dan non organik. Sampah organik belum diolah menjadi kompos dan sampah non organik belum dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku kerajinan, tetapi langsung dijual ke pengepul. Kompos sampah rumah tangga yang dihasilkan berpotensi untuk dijadikan kompos komersial karena memiliki spesifikasi kompos (berdasarkan SNI 19-7030-2004) diantaranya warna kehitaman dan memiliki kandungan hara N total 0,45%, lebih tinggi dari batas minimumnya. Pemberdayaan masyarakat dapat meningkatkan keterampilan mengelola sampah. Pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga juga berdampak positif karena dapat meningkatkan kebersihan dan mengurangi tingkat pencemaran lingkungan. Pada kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga, peran mitra sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan peran pengelola TPS3R dan TPS melalui pemberdayaan masyarakat secara swadaya

Science and religion : from conflict to conversation

For almost twenty five years I have been teaching a course on science and religion to undergraduates at Georgetown University. During just this one quarter of a century the cosmic landscape has dramatically shifted and so has my whole approach to the subject.204 p.; 24 c