A Process Membership Service for Active Safety Systems

This paper describes a process membership protocol for distributed real-time systems that use both time-triggered and event-triggered message passing for communication between its processing nodes (ECUs). TTCAN and FlexRay are examples of communication networks that support such systems. The membership protocol supports redundancy management in architectures where distributed applications such as braking, stability control, and collision mitigation share a common set of processing nodes. We assume that each such application consists of several processes executing on different nodes and that each node executes processes belonging to different applications. The protocol allows a group of cooperating processes to establish a consistent view of each other\u27s operational status, i.e., whether they function correctly or not

INFLUENCE OF INLET BOUNDARY CONDITIONS IN THE PREDICTION OF ROTOR DYNAMIC FORCES AND MOMENTS FOR A HYDRAULIC TURBINE USING CFD

The rotordynamic behaviour of a hydraulic turbine is influenced by fluid-rotor interactions at the turbine runner. In this paper computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to numerically predict the rotordynamical excitation forces due to the flow through a hydraulic turbine runner. The simulations are carried out for three diffferent boundary conditions. One axi-symmetric inlet boundary condition, and two axi-periodic boundary conditions. The two latter are obtained from separate simulations of wicket gate and spiral casing flow. It is found that the inlet boundary condition significantly affects the rotordynamical forces and moments

INFLUENCE OF INLET BOUNDARY CONDITIONS IN THE PREDICTION OF ROTOR DYNAMIC FORCES AND MOMENTS FOR A HYDRAULIC TURBINE USING CFD

The rotordynamic behaviour of a hydraulic turbine is influenced by fluid-rotor interactions at the turbine runner. In this paper computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to numerically predict the rotordynamical excitation forces due to the flow through a hydraulic turbine runner. The simulations are carried out for three diffferent boundary conditions. One axi-symmetric inlet boundary condition, and two axi-periodic boundary conditions. The two latter are obtained from separate simulations of wicket gate and spiral casing flow. It is found that the inlet boundary condition significantly affects the rotordynamical forces and moments

Measurement of the concentration of ammonia and ethene in the combustion chamber of a circulating fluidised-bed boiler

This paper presents the results of measuring the ammonia and ethene concentration profiles in the combustion chamber of a circulating fluidised-bed boiler. The boiler was operated in three air-staging conditions with peat as fuel, and with the addition of lime. Two sampling techniques were used for the analysis of ammonia: gas-sampling probe connected to a Fourier transformed infra-red (FTIR) instrument, and a gas-quenching (GQ) probe where the sample was quenched directly in the probe tip by a trapper solution. Both techniques are accurate enough to distinguish the influence on air staging of the level of ammonia in the combustion chamber. Comparison of the concentration profiles for ammonia measured by the two procedures shows similar results. The levels of ammonia and ethene measured by FTIR follow each other in the combustion chamber for all three staging conditions. The FTIR spectra were evaluated by three methods: spectral subtraction, differential absorbance and the multiple variable analysis method named \u27partial least square\u27 (PLS). Almost equal levels of concentration of ammonia and ethene were found, regardless of the method employed. The measurement error from reactions with ammonia at the GO probe tip was estimated in a simple model

D13.4 , EBSF 2 - Gothenburg: Demonstration Results

The Gothenburg demonstration team has implemented and tested three (3) technological innovations (TIs), listed below according to the name and coding agreed with the EBSF_2 evaluation team and described in the following sections, namely: New energy-efficient heating solution for electric buses (TIGot1). In an electric driven vehicle the on-board energy consumption for heating is of higher importance compared to a diesel or hybrid driven vehicle, since there is much less surplus heat due to the high efficiency of the system.TIGot1 has tested the efficiency of a heating solution for electric buses that is driven by electricity and biofuels instead of diesel. Attractiveness and efficiency of innovative external and internal design of electric buses (TIGot2) A new driveline means the possibility to create new vehicle design. Four fully electric buses and seven plug-in hybrid buses (for comparison) that operate a new bus line in Gothenburg, line 55, have been demonstrated and evaluated. Attractiveness of innovative bus stop designs (incl. indoor) and interaction between bus and bus stop designs (TIGot3). Electrification offers new opportunities for creating innovative solutions for the interface between public transport and the urban environment, in terms of new types of bus stops, including an indoor stop. TIGot1 belongs to the EBSF_2 topical area “Energy Strategy and Auxiliaries”, TIGot2 to “Vehicle Design and TIGot 3 to “Interface between Bus and Urban infrastructure”. The team has shown a 60% decrease in the energy consumption for heating by installing an air-to-air heat pump, added insulation in key areas, and updated control systems. This equals a 17% reducton in overall energy use for an electric bus under normal operating conditions in Gothenburg. In terms of attractivness of buses and bus stops the fully electric bus line that has been implemented in Gothenburg has proven to be very popular with the travellers, as well as the drivers. Key benefits are the silent, low vibration, comfortable and well kept buses; the competent and friendly bus drivers; and the innovative and welcoming bus stops. Not the least people with reduced mobility stated that the buses and bus stops were easily accessible and declared it “the best bus ever”. Nevertheless some issues were found, not the least in terms of how to integrate the bus stops better in the city. The project clearly has shown that in order for bus stops to become something more than just a place to wait, both placement in the city and the cooperation of the surrounding businesses are of vital importance