Published 2007. Printed by Kaserntryckeriet AB.

This publication was typeset using L ATEX. The global Internet has emerged to become an integral part of everyday life. Internet is now as fundamental a part of the infrastructure as is the telephone system or the road network. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) is the logical antithesis of the Client-Server (CS) paradigm that has been the ostensible predominant paradigm for IP-based networks since their inception. Current research indicates that P2P applications are responsible for a substantial part of the Internet traffic. New P2P services are developed and released at a high pace. The number of users embracing new P2P technology is also increasing fast. It is therefore important to understand the impact of the new P2P services on the existing Internet infrastructure and on legacy applications. This report describes a measurement infrastructure geared towards P2P network traffic collection and analysis, and presents measurement results for two P2P applications: Gnutella and BitTorrent

Published 2007. Printed by Kaserntryckeriet AB.

This publication was typeset using LATEX. In recent years, Internet has known an unprecedented growth, which, in turn, has lead to an increased demand for real-time and multimedia applications that have high Quality-of-Service (QoS) demands. This evolution lead to difficult challenges for the Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to provide good QoS for their clients as well as for the ability to provide differentiated service subscriptions for those clients who are willing to pay more for value added services. Furthermore, a tremendous development of several types of overlay networks have recently emerged in the Internet. Overlay networks can be viewed as networks operating at an interdomain level. The overlay hosts learn of each other and form loosely-coupled peer relationships. The major advantage of overlay networks is their ability to establish subsidiary topologies on top of the underlying network infrastructure acting as brokers between an application and the required network connectivity. Moreover, new services that cannot be implemented (or are not yet supported) in the existing network infrastructure are much easier to deploy in overlay networks. In this context, multicast overlay services have become a feasible solution for application

A Finite Element Analysis of a Crack Penetrating or Deflecting Into an Interface in a Thin Laminate

The crack tip driving force of a crack growing from a pre-crack that is perpendicular to and terminating at an interface between two materials is investigated using a linear fracture mechanics theory. The analysis is performed both for a crack penetratin