Avant-propos

International audienceLe programme général de ce séminaire, établi en 1997-98 pour trois ans, a été conçu de façon à aborder globalement plusieurs axes de réflexion autour de l'analyse des systèmes de production et de circulation. Dans cet objectif, la première année (1998/1999) a permis d'évoquer les modalités techniques et économiques de la production (de fabrication, de circulation et d'échanges de produits) et les moyens de leur étude (en particulier, notion de chaîne opératoire) . Les seconde et troisième années ont été consacrées à l'analyse de la structuration techno-économique (1999-2000) et socio-économique (2000-2001) de la production

Note de contexte: Quel progrès vers les [4e et 5e] objectifs du millénaire?

SCOPUS: no.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

LA CHIRURGIE DES TROMPES. LE POINT DE VUE DE L'EPIDEMIOLOGISTE

A review of modern management of occluded tubes (n = 5123) is presented. Analysis of results is obscured by various methodological issues. These include absence or non-standardisation of grading of tubal lesions, small series and repeat publication of cases. Neither is there any consistency in the ways of expressing fertility after intervention. A management flow-chart is nevertheless put forth. Tubal recanalization and laparoscopic surgery offer alternatives to surgery which are less invasive, cheaper and equally effective. It is suggested that for several cases, in vitro techniques should be selected.SCOPUS: cp.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Note de contexte: Quel progrès vers les [4e et 5e] objectifs du millénaire?

SCOPUS: no.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

On the prevention of preeclampsia: Nutritional factors back in the spotlight?

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FIEVRE ET GROSSESSE

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Randomized trials of perinatal interventions in Belgium and Europe

Using statistics from United Nations Demographic Yearbooks (1958-1983) and the Oxford Database of Perinatal Trials, a survey of perinatal randomized control trials (RCTs) during the last 25 years in Europe was performed. Total number of trials has been related to average annual population, average annual total births and average annual total of medical doctors. There is a clear geographical trend: Finland, Denmark, Sweden, Ireland and the United Kingdom in the leading group produce, on average, 50 times as many randomized trials as socialist countries other than Hungary and the German Democratic Republic. Within Belgium itself, similar disparities are observed: university A has produced twice as many RCTs as all the other universities pooled together. For Belgium, the introduction of multicenter trials may be reversing this situation, and uptake of ongoing multicenter trials seems homogeneous within the country.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Cross-cultural approach to risk in obstetrics

Doctorat en Sciences de la santé publiqueinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

Stillbirths and fetal deaths—Better definitions to monitor practice and policy across countries

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Les progrès du 4e objectif du millénaire pour le développement (OMD), globalement et les exemples d'application au Maghreb: Quoi de neuf?

The first part of this article examines the global progress towards target A of the fourth Millennium Development Goal. This target is to reduce by two thirds the under-five mortality rate between 1990 and 2015. Accepting such a target implies de facto that most child deaths could be avoided. Recent sources are examined and the UN-IGME data set is used for the comparison as being the one favoured by the United Nations. Child deaths are falling but not quickly enough, particularly in Southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. In this part, a search of the literature for Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco and Tunisia, the five countries composing the Maghreb is performed, and shows that four of these countries are in good progress and possibly on track. The main concern, both globally and for four Maghreb countries is that the share of neonatal death is rising. This brings on new challenges, because the means for addressing this issue differ from, validated policies such as vaccination, or diarrhea control. Scaling up low-cost interventions will be a priority. In the second part an in depth description of the process in Algeria is made. This has included successive steps, starting from independence. Through a combination of interventions at community level and at health care points regular, sustainable progress has been achieved. These have included vaccination, family planning, skilled attendance at birth, infrastructure development, human resources, free access to care and prevention, and improved statistics of birth and death. The new challenges related to the growing share of neonatal mortality are discussed. It is acknowledged that neonatal survival requires, at population level, modern medical care. This means the problem is fundamentally different from post neonatal mortality where socio-economic development is the main determinant. A perinatal programme has been established in Algeria. Kangaroo Mother Care has been introduced in Algeria more than a decade ago and has been a success story. © 2012 Springer-Verlag France.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe