IPSEC and the Internet

Secure and efficient communication between computers is becoming more essential as companies attempt to utilize the public network infrastructure for supporting communication between their various sites.The IPSEC protocols have been proposed as a solution to balance the needs of security and networking between computers. The basic IPSEC protocols are based on the end-to-end security model and when used in the most secure mode do not allow any intermediate nodes in the network to access and obtain information from packet headers encrypted by the security end-points.However, with the advent of smart applications in the middle of the network, which attempt to make it more efficient, a tradeoff is created between security and efficiency. This tradeoff is the result of the need for these intelligent applications to access packet header information which is not possible with secure IPSEC flows. This thesis analyzes and evaluates several possible solutions to this problem and argues why they all involve an unacceptable loss in the level of security or are not practical in any real system. On the basis of these arguments it thenproposes the use of Layered IPSEC to solve the problem. Layered IPSEC adds flexibility to the current IPSEC protocols by providing the ability to use multiple encryption algorithms with separate encryption keys for different parts of a packet.We also describe an experimental implementation of the concept and provide timing measurements from it. On the basis of our experience with the implementation and our experimental measurements we argue for the feasiblity and usefulness of this scheme

One year old misdiagnosed penetrating injury of sacrum with a retained knife: a case report and review of literature

Penetrating injuries to the spine, although less common than blunt trauma from motor vehicle accidents, are important causes of injury to the spinal cord. They are essentially of two varieties-gunshot or stab wounds. Gunshot injuries to the spine are more commonly described and are associated with a higher incidence of neurological damage. On the contrary, the prognosis is better in stab wounds where surgery plays a greater role. Here we report a case of a 31 year old male with a history of penetrating injury with knife in lower back 1 year ago comes with complaints of pain and pus discharge since 2 weeks. On detailed history taking, clinical examination and investigations it was found that knife was left in situ which was causing symptoms. Surgical exploration was done. Foreign body (knife) was removed keeping all the neurovascular complications in check. Post operatively patient is doing good with no neurological deficits. A timely intervention in removing foreign body is necessary for preventing for complications

Ballistic evaluationof LOVA propellant in high calibre gun

'This paper presents the data obrained on dynamic firing of a cellulose acetate binder-based low vulnerability ammunition (LOV A) propellant using 120 mm fin-stabilised armour piercing discarding sabot (FSAPDS) kinetic energyammunition. An optimised propellant composition formulated ~sing fine RDX as an energetic ingredient and a mixture of cellulose acetate and nitrocellulose as binder was qualified fit for firing in a high calibre gun by its successful static evaluation for absolute ballistics using high pressure closed vessel technique. Dynamic firing of the propellant processed in heptatubular geometry was undertaken to assess the propellant charge mass. This propellant achieved higher muzzle velocity as compared to the standard NQ/M119 triple-base propellant while meeting the non-vulnerability characteristics convincingly

Role of Bimodal RDX in LOVA Gun Propellant Combustion

Present investigation reports the results of systematic studies on the use of bimodal RDX in low-vulnerability ammunition (LOVA) gun propellants. Several formulations based on bimodal RDX as oxidiser, cellulose acetate as binder, and diocty1 phthalate or triacetin as plasticizer were processed with different proportions of 5 micrometer and 20 micrometer particle size of RDX samples in the range 100:0 to 60:40 ratios. The effect of varying the proportion of fine RDX of the two particle sizes on propellant burning behaviour was found to be quite significant. The study concluded that by using bimodal RDX, it is possible to modify burning behaviour without sacrificing low-vulnerability aspects of LOVA propellants

Cellulose Acetate Binder-Based LOVA Gun Propellant for Tank Guns.

Cellulose acetate (CA) binder-based low vulnerability ammunition (LOYA) gun propellant formulations with varying percentages of fine RDX as energetic ingredient have been studied. RDX percentage varied from 76 to 80 in these formulations. An optimised composition with 78 per cent RDX was then studied exhaustively. Ballistic data determined by closed vessel (CV) evaluation and vulnerability aspects obtained by safety tests were then compared vis-a-vis the properties of standard triple base NQ composition. Theoretical prediction and CV test results indicated that the CA binder-based LOVA gun propellant Could satisfactorily meet the ballistic requirements for gun application

Evaluating Roadside Perception for Autonomous Vehicles: Insights from Field Testing

Roadside perception systems are increasingly crucial in enhancing traffic safety and facilitating cooperative driving for autonomous vehicles. Despite rapid technological advancements, a major challenge persists for this newly arising field: the absence of standardized evaluation methods and benchmarks for these systems. This limitation hampers the ability to effectively assess and compare the performance of different systems, thus constraining progress in this vital field. This paper introduces a comprehensive evaluation methodology specifically designed to assess the performance of roadside perception systems. Our methodology encompasses measurement techniques, metric selection, and experimental trial design, all grounded in real-world field testing to ensure the practical applicability of our approach. We applied our methodology in Mcity\footnote{\url{https://mcity.umich.edu/}}, a controlled testing environment, to evaluate various off-the-shelf perception systems. This approach allowed for an in-depth comparative analysis of their performance in realistic scenarios, offering key insights into their respective strengths and limitations. The findings of this study are poised to inform the development of industry-standard benchmarks and evaluation methods, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of roadside perception system development and deployment for autonomous vehicles. We anticipate that this paper will stimulate essential discourse on standardizing evaluation methods for roadside perception systems, thus pushing the frontiers of this technology. Furthermore, our results offer both academia and industry a comprehensive understanding of the capabilities of contemporary infrastructure-based perception systems.Comment: 6 figures, 8 tables, 14 page

PENGARUH ASPIRASI KARIR TERHADAP MOTIVASI KERJA KARYAWAN BANK RAKYAT INDONESIA (BRI) MARPOYAN

ABSTRAK PENGARUH ASPIRASI KARIR TERHADAP MOTIVASI KERJA KARYAWAN BANK RAKYAT INDONESIA (BRI) MARPOYAN Oleh: ENDAH PUSPITA ARUM Penelitian dilatar belakangi oleh belum optimalnya spesifikasi jabatan didalam pemilihan pegawai sehingga terjadi penempatan jabatan yang tidak sesuai dengan kemampuan, keahlian dan latar belakang pendidikan karyawan, yang mana akan lebih akan lebih maksimal jika karyawan ditempatkan pada bidang yang sesuai dengan spesifikasi pendidikannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI) Marpoyan. Jumlah populasi pada penelitian ini 22 orang karyawan. Untuk sampel menggunakan metode total sampling, sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 22 orang. Sedangkan untuk mengetahui berapa besar pengaruh variabel bebas (X) terhadap variabel yang terkait (Y) digunakan Analisis Regresi Linier Sederhana diperoleh persamaan Y = 1,1559 + 11,045 X. Sedangkan berdasarkan hasil uji t diketahui bahwa variabel aspirasi karir memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap motivasi kerja karyawan Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI) Marpoyan. Sedangkan berdasarkan perhitungan nilai keofisien determinasi (r2) diperoleh nilai adjusted r square sebesar 0,900 atau 90%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel aspirasi karir termasuk kategori sangat berpengaruh yang signifikan terhadap motivasi kerja karyawan Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI) Marpoyan. Kata Kunci: Aspirasi karir, motivasi kerja karyawa

Scabies outbreaks in ten care homes for elderly people: a prospective study of clinical features, epidemiology, and treatment outcomes

Background Scabies outbreaks in residential and nursing care homes for elderly people are common, subject to diagnostic delay, and hard to control. We studied clinical features, epidemiology, and outcomes of outbreaks in the UK between 2014 and 2015. Methods We did a prospective observational study in residential care homes for elderly people in southeast England that reported scabies outbreaks to Public Health England health protection teams. An outbreak was defined as two or more cases of scabies (in either residents or staff) at a single care home. All patients who provided informed consent were included; patients with dementia were included if a personal or nominated consultee (ie, a family member or nominated staff member) endorsed participation. Dermatology-trained physicians examined residents at initial clinical visits, which were followed by two mass treatments with topical scabicide as per local health protection team guidance. Follow-up clinical visits were held 6 weeks after initial visits. Scabies was diagnosed through pre-defined case definitions as definite, probable, or possible with dermatoscopy and microscopy as appropriate. Findings 230 residents were examined in ten outbreaks between Jan 23, 2014, and April 13, 2015. Median age was 86·9 years (IQR 81·5–92·3), 174 (76%) were female, and 157 (68%) had dementia. 61 (27%) residents were diagnosed with definite, probable, or possible scabies, of whom three had crusted scabies. Physical signs differed substantially from classic presentations. 31 (51%) of the 61 people diagnosed with scabies were asymptomatic, and only 25 (41%) had burrows. Mites were visualised with dermatoscopy in seven (11%) patients, and further confirmed by microscopy in three (5%). 35 (57%) cases had signs of scabies only on areas of the body that would normally be covered. Dementia was the only risk factor for a scabies diagnosis that we identified (odds ratio 2·37 [95% CI 1·38–4·07]). At clinical follow-up, 50 people who were initially diagnosed with scabies were examined. No new cases of scabies were detected, but infestation persisted in ten people. Interpretation Clinical presentation of scabies in elderly residents of care homes differs from classic descriptions familiar to clinicians. This difference probably contributes to delayed recognition and suboptimal management in this vulnerable group. Dermatoscopy and microscopy were of little value. Health-care workers should be aware of the different presentation of scabies in elderly people, and should do thorough examinations, particularly in people with dementia. Funding Public Health England and British Skin Foundation

Extensions of DBS and Hybrid Internet

There has been a large amount of research dedicated to extending the asymmetric networks provided by receive-only Direct Broadcast Satellite systems like Hughes Network Systems' DirecPC product. One way to further develop Direct Broadcast Satellite services and to offset the high initial cost of these systems is to implement techniques that will allow one satellite receiver to act as a gateway for many clients to receive information. This would also help broaden the range of services provided by DBS systems. Besides providing direct-to-home traffic, DBS can be used to distribute bulk traffic to the local-loop distributors (direct-to-curb). We describe some experiments which extend the DBS system, in particular, the DirecPC and DirecTV DBS, by using the PC with the satellite receiver as a gateway to connect networks together. We also discuss simple methods of receiving multimedia traffic from the multicast backbone (MBONE) [Cas94] over the satellite link, and distributing it, through this gateway, to end users. The research and scientific content in this material will be presented at the 2nd ACM International Workshop on Satellite-Based Information Services (WOSBIS), October 1, 1997, Budapest, Hungary.</Center