An Analytical Review of Different Concepts of Riba (Interest) in the Sub-Continent

The traditional concept of Riba (interest) is an excess amount on loan, which creditor receives from debtor on the repayment of loan. There is almost a consensus on the sprit of this concept that it is traditional thought or school; but along with that some other point of views also exist, which present Riba, in somewhat different ways, will be termed as non-traditional approach in this paper. Both of these schools are agreed on the point that, Riba is just restricted to debt, and the increment on it is Riba; but the main difference among these is that: former approach claims that, each and every addition on loan, regardless of purpose and time duration of loan is Riba; but, the later approach demand’s some room for that on different grounds. Actually both of them do not have any sound base. When the concept of unearned income (the income, which is not the result of human labor), is a recognized fact in Islamic economics in different forms, like: ijara (rent), Mudoraba and Mazara’a (Share Cropping); then definitely no logical reason is left to avoid excess income on loan. Both approaches are just unable to give a concrete concept of Riba.Riba, Interest, Rent, Share Cropping

The Nature of Infaq and its Effects on Distribution of Weal

Infaq is one of the basic terms of Quran, which is used in Quran, at almost sixty places. It is basically pious spending in the way of Allah. It has a significant importance in Islamic economic principles, with reference to redistribution of wealth and elimination of poverty. At different places Quran has described its different aspects, e.g. its need, conditions, ways and monetary and non monetary results. It is used by holy prophet, Peace be upon him (P.B.U.H) at different occasions to fulfill the needs of individuals and society as well. In order to ensure the better distribution of wealth which is the need of time, it is necessary to follow the orders of Infaq as given in Quran, and also the guidelines provided by holy prophet P.B.U.H., therefore, the basic objective of this paper is to analyze the role of these spending particularly infaq as a tool of equitable income distribution in an Islamic society.Infaq Quran, Allah

Consumer Buying Behavior: Organic Cosmetics versus Non-Organic Cosmetics

The main objective of this research study is to analyze the factors that affect the consumer buying behavior for organic and non-organic cosmetics. Therefore, this study is further divided into two sub research. One research studies the factors that affect consumer buying behavior for organic cosmetics whereas the other research assesses factors that impact consumer buying behavior for non-organic cosmetics. Most factors that affect both organic and non-organic cosmetics are the same, but some are different considering the variation between the two types of cosmetics under consideration. Consumer buying behavior is a topic of significant importance to marketers and to businesses as well. It is crucial to understand how consumer buying behavior functions. This research study was conducted through the collection of both primary and secondary data. Primary data was gathered through questionnaires whereas the secondary data was gathered mainly for the literature review through various sources which were mostly available on the web such as online published articles, books, and online journals. The primary data collected was fed into the SPSS software to run various tests. The hypotheses stated at the beginning of the research were tested. The results showed that not all hypotheses were accepted in both the studies. Recommendations have been suggested for each independent variable at the end of the study for consideration

Role of Client Relationship Marketing in the Banking Sector of Pakistan

This Study aims to determine the Role of Client Relationship Marketing in the Banking Sector of Pakistan. In today world the only organization that can compete in the Market if they rely on Relationship Marketing through which they can have better understanding of the Customer. Relationship Marketing helps the organization to understand the needs, wants and demands of the Customer and try to fulfill each demand of the Customer. Through Relationship Marketing the level of Customer satisfaction is increase and organization easily gain the Customer Loyalty. Organization has the upper edge on their competitor if they successfully implement the strategies of the Relationship Marketing. A proper implementation of the Client Relationship Marketing leads to achieve a higher level of performance. Relationship Marketing helps the organization to especially focus on the Customer thus improve the overall performance. The Sample Derived from the population for this study comprised of 325 respondents pertaining to the Retail Banking of Pakistan. The Close-Ended questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents such as Bankers and Customers. Client relationship Marketing have a significant impact on the service quality which helps us to achieve customer trust and customer satisfaction. Once the organization win the Customer Trust and satisfied their customer through the level of Service Quality thus, we can achieve the Customer Loyalty. Therefore, it is recommended that organization can understand the importance of the Client Relationship Marketing and implement this to increase the Organization Performance by achieving the Customer Loyalty

“Factors Influencing Consumer Purchase Intentions in buying Honda City in Karachi, Pakistan”

The essential objective of this research is to demonstrate such factors that have adverse effect on consumer purchase intentions in buying Honda City and to analyze the consumer perceptions in considering alternate brands or imported cars. This research emphasizes the impact of seven independent variables acquire mainly from the literature which include brand loyalty, fuel efficiency, aesthetics, after sales service, attitude and perception, social image, and pricing. The consumer’s purchase intention towards buying Honda City in Karachi, Pakistan is the dependent variable. The following study used the questionnaire-based survey and the respondent’s point of view evaluated on the 5 points Likert scale ranging from 1 - strongly disagree to 5 - strongly agree. The questionnaire designed on google forms and filled online due to the issues related to the pandemic of covid-19. As the concerned issue for this research is the difficulty to reach Honda City users in Karachi, Pakistan which are the target audience of this study. There are 162 respondents who filled out the questionnaire for the following research. However, in this research we have used convenience-based sampling technique for analyzation of the research due to the limitation of time and resources. The questionnaire is filled out by the respondents having different age group and gender although they possessed the similarity in the behavior by analyzing their feedback from different factors and data collected from respondents review that the factors discussed in this research influence consumer purchase intentions. The key recommendation for the research is for the brand to keep building innovative techniques and providing its customer competitive advantage to standout in the market and evidently establish superior brand equity in the market

Factors Affecting Consumer Buying Behavior in E-Commerce Business during Outbreak of Covid-19: A Case Study on Top E-Commerce Websites

This research was conducted to investigate the factors that have affected the consumer buying behavior in ecommerce business, especially during COVID-19. This research was conducted via quantitative analysis, and 200 participants were recruited for analysis. The statistical tests that were conducted in this research included demographics via frequency analysis, Cronbach’s Alpha test for the questionnaire reliability, correlation analysis to test the strength of the relationship in between variables, and regression analysis for finding the impact of consumer behavior on the dependent variables of social media campaigns, television commercials, e-paper advertisements, and word of mouth marketing. In this context, the research found that social media campaigns and television commercials had no significant impact on the consumer buying behavior, whereas e-paper advertisements and word of mouth marketing had significant impact on the buying behavior of consumers during COVID-19. Based on the findings of this research, it was recommended that e-commerce businesses must upload the articles on social media regarding the product or services that are offered by the business so that the customer attains a complete understanding of the products or services, which will attract the customers and will influence the purchasing behavior of the customers positively

The Nature of Infaq and its Effects on Distribution of Weal

Infaq is one of the basic terms of Quran, which is used in Quran, at almost sixty places. It is basically pious spending in the way of Allah. It has a significant importance in Islamic economic principles, with reference to redistribution of wealth and elimination of poverty. At different places Quran has described its different aspects, e.g. its need, conditions, ways and monetary and non monetary results. It is used by holy prophet, Peace be upon him (P.B.U.H) at different occasions to fulfill the needs of individuals and society as well. In order to ensure the better distribution of wealth which is the need of time, it is necessary to follow the orders of Infaq as given in Quran, and also the guidelines provided by holy prophet P.B.U.H., therefore, the basic objective of this paper is to analyze the role of these spending particularly infaq as a tool of equitable income distribution in an Islamic society

“Factors of Workplace Environment that Affects Employee Performance in an Organization”: A study on Greenwich University of Karachi

Nowadays, organizations are aware of the fact that employee performance is one of the key factors behind any business’s success, which is why the management is usually finding ways to increase the level of employee performance through various methods. It is the mission of organization to get people together to accomplish tasks and objectives by utilizing the resources effectively and efficiently. The basic objective of this study is to measure the impact of working environment factors on performance of employees working in Greenwich University (GU), through identifying the variables which includes leadership, organizational culture, training and development, rewards and incentives and stress. This study is quantitative in nature and is aimed to find out the relationship between the above mentioned variables and employee’s performance of Greenwich University (GU) and the sample size is of 50 current employees. The hypothesis will be proven will by using Multiple Regression Analysis which is in SPSS software the reason for using MLR is that the research contains 5 independent variables and their affects have to be seen on employee’s performance which is single dependent variable. The purpose of the study is to see the existing literature and theories in order to have a constructed framework of factors affecting employee performance. It was observed through the validity of the results that these environmental factors do have an impact on employee performance

The Nature of Infaq and its Effects on Distribution of Weal

Infaq is one of the basic terms of Quran, which is used in Quran, at almost sixty places. It is basically pious spending in the way of Allah. It has a significant importance in Islamic economic principles, with reference to redistribution of wealth and elimination of poverty. At different places Quran has described its different aspects, e.g. its need, conditions, ways and monetary and non monetary results. It is used by holy prophet, Peace be upon him (P.B.U.H) at different occasions to fulfill the needs of individuals and society as well. In order to ensure the better distribution of wealth which is the need of time, it is necessary to follow the orders of Infaq as given in Quran, and also the guidelines provided by holy prophet P.B.U.H., therefore, the basic objective of this paper is to analyze the role of these spending particularly infaq as a tool of equitable income distribution in an Islamic society

An Analytical Review of Different Concepts of Riba (Interest) in the Sub-Continent

The traditional concept of Riba (interest) is an excess amount on loan, which creditor receives from debtor on the repayment of loan. There is almost a consensus on the sprit of this concept that it is traditional thought or school; but along with that some other point of views also exist, which present Riba, in somewhat different ways, will be termed as non-traditional approach in this paper. Both of these schools are agreed on the point that, Riba is just restricted to debt, and the increment on it is Riba; but the main difference among these is that: former approach claims that, each and every addition on loan, regardless of purpose and time duration of loan is Riba; but, the later approach demand’s some room for that on different grounds. Actually both of them do not have any sound base. When the concept of unearned income (the income, which is not the result of human labor), is a recognized fact in Islamic economics in different forms, like: ijara (rent), Mudoraba and Mazara’a (Share Cropping); then definitely no logical reason is left to avoid excess income on loan. Both approaches are just unable to give a concrete concept of Riba