Ionic liquid containing high-density polyethylene supported tungstate: a novel, efficient, and highly recoverable catalyst

Synthesis and catalytic application of polymeric-based nanocomposites are important subjects among researchers due to their high lipophilicity as well as high chemical and mechanical stability. In the present work, a novel nanocomposite material involving ionic liquid and high-density polyethylene supported tungstate (PE/IL-WO4=) is synthesized, characterized and its catalytic application is investigated. The coacervation method was used to incorporate 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide ([MOIm] [Br]) ionic liquid in high-density polyethylene, resulting in a PE/IL composite. Subsequently, tungstate was anchored on PE/IL to give PE/IL-WO4= catalyst. The PXRD, FT-IR, EDX, TGA, and SEM analyses were used to characterize the PE/IL-WO4= composite. This material demonstrated high catalytic efficiency in the synthesis of bioactive tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthen-11-ones under green conditions. The recoverability and leching tests were performed to investigate the stability and durability of the designed PE/IL-WO4= catalyst under applied conditions

Graphene oxide nanosheet supported molybdenum complex: An efficient and recoverable catalyst for epoxidation of alkenes

A novel heterogeneous catalyst was prepared by chemical attachment of oxo-molybdenum on functionalized GO as stable support (Mo(PDA–GO). This catalyst was characterized by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). These analyses confirmed the high chemical and thermal stability of the designed catalyst. The efficiency of the Mo‌(PDA–GO) catalyst was used for epoxidation of different alkenes using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) oxidant. The epoxide products were obtained in high yields and short reaction times. This new heterogeneous catalyst was recovered and reused at least five times without a considerable decrease in efficiency

Magnetic yolk-shell structured periodic mesoporous organosilica supported palladium as a powerful and highly recoverable nanocatalyst for the reduction of nitrobenzenes

Abstract A novel palladium-loaded yolk-shell structured nanomaterial with magnetite core and phenylene-based periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) shell (Fe3O4@YS-Ph-PMO/Pd) nanocatalyst was synthesized for the reduction of nitrobenzenes. The Fe3O4@YS-Ph-PMO/Pd was prepared through cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) directed condensation of 1,4-bis(triethoxysilyl)benzene (BTEB) around Fe3O4@silica nanoparticles followed by treatment with palladium acetate. This nanocatalyst was characterized by using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), low-angle and wide-angle powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analyses. These analyses showed a magnetic nanomaterial with high chemical and thermal stability for the designed composite. The Fe3O4@YS-Ph-PMO/Pd nanocomposite was employed as a powerful and highly recoverable catalyst in the green reduction of nitroarenes in H2O at room temperature. A variety of nitroarene derivatives were applied as substrate in the presence of 0.9 mol% of Fe3O4@YS-Ph-PMO/Pd catalyst. All nitroarenes were selectively converted to their corresponding amines with high to excellent yields (92–96%) within short reaction times (10–18 min). This catalyst was recovered and reused at least 11 times without significant decrease in efficiency and stability

The prevalence of seat belt use among drivers and passengers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Seat belts might save people’s lives in car accidents by preventing severe collision damage and keeping passengers safe from critical injuries. This meta-analysis was performed to assess the prevalence of seat belt use among drivers and passengers. Methods The databases of PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), and Google Scholar were searched from the beginning of 2000 to late December 2020 to identify studies that investigated the prevalence of seat belt use among drivers and passengers. The pooled prevalence was calculated using a random-effects model. The STATA-v14 software was used to perform data analysis. Results Sixty-eight studies that met the inclusion criteria and were suitable for this meta-analysis were identified. The pooled prevalence of seat belt use was 43.94% (95% CI: 42.23–45.73) among drivers, 38.47% (95% CI: 34.89–42.42) among front-seat passengers, and 15.32% (95% CI: 12.33–19.03) among rear-seat passengers. The lowest seat belt use among drivers and passengers was observed in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa, while the highest use was reported in Europe and America. Moreover, the prevalence of seat belt use was higher among women drivers [51.47% (95% CI: 48.62–54.48)] than men drivers [38.27% (95% CI: 34.98–41.87)] (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the highest prevalence of seat belt use was seen among drivers (68.9%) and front-seat passengers (50.5%) of sports utility vehicles (SUVs); in contrast, the lowest prevalence was observed among drivers and passengers of public vehicles such as buses, minibuses, and taxis. Conclusions In general, the prevalence of seat belt use was not high among drivers and was even lower among passengers. Moreover, drivers and passengers in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa had the lowest prevalence of seat belt usage. Additionally, drivers and passengers of public transportation (buses, minibuses, and taxis) had a lower rate of seat belt use, especially among men. Therefore, effective interventional programs to improve seat belt use should be designed and implemented, particularly among these at-risk populations in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa

The effect of leaf hydroalcoholic extract of Ephedra pachyclada infertility in male rats treated with cyclophosphamide: An experimental study

Abstract Background: Cyclophosphamide (CP) has clinical applications in treating diverse malignancies and autoimmune disorders; at the same time, it also has harmful effects on the body tissues, particularly the genitals. The most significant side effects of CP are changing the reproductive system's function and infertility. Objective: This study determines the Ephedra hydroalcoholic extract (EP) role on testicular tissue and the pituitary-gonadal axis in CP-treated male rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 48 adult Wistar rats were separated into 6 groups (n = 8/each): control, sham, CP recipients, and CP recipients with gavage-fed EP (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg). On the 29 th day, the blood of the weighed animals' was drawn from their heart, and serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone were measured. After preparing testicular tissue segments, cells were counted. Results: While CP decreased follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone levels (p < 0.05), the use of EP changed them and even reached the control. Serum gonadotropin-releasing hormone increased significantly in all EP groups compared to the control and CP groups. Compared to the control, a significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity and plasma glutathione peroxidase was observed in the CP groups. EP (all doses) significantly increased their concentration compared to the CP group (p < 0.05); significant reduction in serum total oxidant status and malondialdehyde in CP groups changed by EP (p < 0.05). Although CP's role on spermatogonia counts (57.5 ± 5.2 in CP, 67.1 ± 6.0 in control), higher doses of EP had no significant effect on this but did affect spermatocyte and spermatid cells count. Conclusion: Due to its antioxidant characteristics, EP mitigated the effects of CP on the investigated parameters in rats.Key words: Ephedra, Cyclophosphamide, Cancer, Spermatogenesis, Sex hormones, ROS

بررسی علل بستری سالمندان در بیمارستان امام خمینی شهر جیرفت در سال 1397

Introduction: With age, the prevalence of diseases, especially chronic diseases, increases in the elderly and, therefore, the elderly are the main recipients of health services. This study was done with the aim of determining the causes of hospitalization of the elderly in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Jiroft, Iran. Methods: This research was cross-sectional-descriptive. 358 elderly people, who referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Jiroft in 2018, were selected, using random sampling, and examined. The required information was extracted from patients' records and recorded in a researcher-made checklist. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20 and descriptive and analytical statistical tests. Results: The findings of this study showed that 152 (42.5%) of the research samples were in the age range of 60-69 years. The most common chief complaints of the study samples were shortness of breath (14.5%), chest pain (11.5%), and vision loss (11.2%), respectively. The most common causes of hospitalization were cataracts (11.2%), angina pectoris (8.1%), and heart failure (6.1%), respectively. Conclusion: The most common causes of hospitalization of patients were cataract and angina pectoris. It seems that it is necessary to include the essential educational and screening programs in these fields in the integrated health care program for the elderly.مقدمه: با افزایش سن، شیوع بیماری­ها به ویژه بیماری­های مزمن در سالمندان افزایش پیدا می­کند، و به همین دلیل سالمندان عمده­ترین دریافت کنندگان خدمات حوزه سلامت هستند.این مطالعه با هدف تعیین علل بستری سالمندان در بیمارستان امام خمینی شهر جیرفت انجام شد. روش کار: این پژوهش به صورت مقطعی –توصیفی صورت گرفت. 358 سالمند مراجعه کننده به بیمارستان بیمارستان امام خمینی (ره) شهر جیرفت، در سال 1397 به صورت نمونه گیری طبقه­ای تصادفی انتخاب و مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. اطلاعات مورد نیاز از پرونده­ی بیماران استخراج و در چک لیست محقق ساخته ثبت گردید. داده­ها با نرم افزار آماری SPSS &nbsp;نسخه‌ی 20 و آزمون­های آماری توصیفی وتحلیلی تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافته ها: یافته­های این مطالعه نشان داد که 152 نفر (5/42درصد) از نمونه­های پژوهش در محدوده سنی 69-60 بودند. بیشترین شکایت اصلی نمونه­های پژوهش به ترتیب تنگی نفس (5/14درصد)، درد قفسه سینه (5/11درصد) و کاهش بینایی (2/11درصد) بود. بیشترین علل بستری نمونه­های پژوهش به ترتیب شامل کاتاراکت (2/11درصد)، آنژین صدری (1/8درصد) و نارسایی قلب (1/6 درصد) گزارش شد. نتیجه گیری: بیشترین علت بستری بیماران، کاتاراکت و آنژین صدری بود به نظر می­رسد که قرار دادن برنامه­های آموزشی و غربالگری مورد نیاز در این زمینه در برنامه مراقبت­های سلامت سالمندان ضروری باشد

بررسی میزان فراوانی پاتولوژی نرمال در بیماران جراحی شده با تشخیص آپاندیسیت حاد در شهرستان جیرفت

Introduction: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common causes of abdominal surgery, the diagnosis of which is made mostly based on clinical symptoms and imaging, leading to appendectomy surgery; but in some cases, the post-operation results show that there has been no appendicitis. This is called a negative or normal appendectomy. This study was performed with the aim of evaluating the frequency of normal pathology in patients who underwent surgery with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Jiroft, Iran. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study. 95 patients undergoing surgery with diagnosis of acute appendicitis in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Jiroft in 2019 were selected using census method and entered the study. The required information was extracted from the patients' medical records and recorded in a researcher-made checklist. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Independent t-test,chi-square, and Fisher's test with SPSS version 18 statistical software. Results: 48.5% of the participants were male and 51.5% were female. Normal appendectomy was observed in 9 patients (9.5%). The frequency distribution of negative appendectomy was statistically significant based on the age of the patients and was more common at the age of 30 to 50 years (P = 0.027) .The other studied variables had no correlation with normal appendectomy. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that a normal appendectomy is observed in one in ten patients undergoing surgery, which shows more favorable results in Jiroft compared to other statistics provided. Correct and regular use of assessment methods can help significantly reduce the rate of negative appendicectomy.مقدمه: آپاندیسیت حاد از جمله علل شایع جراحی شکمی می­باشد که عمدتا بر­اساس تشخیص بالینی و تصویربرداری این تشخیص مطرح و تصمیم به عمل جراحی آپاندکتومی گرفته می­شود، اما در برخی موارد نتایج پس از عمل نشان می­دهد که آپاندیسیت وجود نداشته است که به اصطلاح به آن آپاندکتومی منفی یا نرمال گفته می­شود. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی میزان فراوانی پاتولوژی نرمال در بیماران جراحی شده با تشخیص آپاندیسیت حاد در بیمارستان امام خمینی(ره) شهرستان جیرفت انجام شد. روش کار: اين پژوهش یک مطالعه مقطعی از نوع (توصیفی-تحلیلی) بود. 95 نفر از بیماران جراحی شده با تشخیص آپاندیسیت حاد در بیمارستان امام خمینی(ره) شهرستان جیرفت در سال 1397 ﻛﻪ به روش سرشماری انتخاب و وارد مطالعه شدند. اطلاعات مورد نیاز از پرونده پزشکی بیماران استخراج شد و در چک­لیست محقق ساخته ثبت گردید. داده های جمع­آوری شده با استفاده از آمار توصیفی وآزمون تی مستقل و کای اسکوئر، فیشر با نرم­افزار آماری SPSS نسخه18 تجزیه ­و ­تحلیل شدند. یافته ها: 5/48 درصد شرکت کنندگان مرد و 5/51 درصد زن بودند. در 9 بیمار (5/9 درصد) آپاندکتومی نرمال مشاهده گردید. توزیع فراوانی آپاندکتومی منفی بر اساس سن بیماران مورد بررسی تفاوت آماری معناداری داشت&nbsp; و در سن 30 تا 50 سال شایعتر بود (027/0P=). سایر متغیرهای مورد بررسی ارتباطی با آپاندکتومی نرمال نداشتند. نتیجه گیری: نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که آپاندکتومی نرمال در یک مورد از هر ده بیمار تحت عمل مشاهده می­شود که نسبت به سایر آمار ارائه شده، نتایج مطلوب­تری را در شهرستان جیرفت نشان می­دهد. استفاده درست و منظم از روش های ارزیابی میتواند به طور قابل توجهی به کاهش نرخ آپاندیسکتومی منفی کمک کند

Evaluation of the Effect of Oral Vitamin B1 on Pain Due to Corneal Neuropathy after Cataract Surgery

Introduction: Cataracts are the leading cause of low vision and blindness in the world, and the only effective treatment for cataract vision impairment is surgery, which has common complications such as eye pain and burning, inflammation, and postoperative headache. The aim of this study was to evaluatethe effect of vitamin B1 on oral pain on corneal neuropathy after cataract surgery in Jiroft.Method and Materials: This randomized clinical trial study was performed on cataract patients who were candidates for surgery and referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Jiroft in 2020. Demographic information was collected through a designed checklist and the Numerical Pain Scale (NRS) was used to measure postoperative severity in the eye. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS-V21 software.Results: In this study, 130 patients with cataracts (intervention group: 65 and control group: 65) were studied. The intervention group consisted of 27 men (41.5 %) and 38 women (58.5 %) and the control group consisted of 25 men (38.5 %) and 40 women (61.5 %). On the third day and one week after surgery, there was no significant difference in the amount of eye pain and irritation caused by surgery in the intervention and controlgroups, and in the three months after surgery, the intervention group had mild eye pain and irritation.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that taking vitamin B1 orally affects eye irritation and pain caused by corneal neuropathy after cataract surgery and reduces eye irritation and pain intensity during 3months