Consideration of the Affirmation and Appeal, with Appreciation for the Work of Norman J. Threinen

This Panel was convened on October 25, 2022, as part of the Webinar Series “For the Sake of the Gospel” hosted by the Remembering Today for the Church of Tomorrow Project in partnership with Martin Luther University College and Lutheran Theological Seminary. The intention was to address the Affirmation and Appeal of 1970, to reflect upon the contributions of Norman J. Threinen, and to respond to CHAT questions from Webinar participants

Pillow use: the behavior of cervical stiffness, headache and scapular/arm pain

Susan J Gordon1,2, Karen A Grimmer-Somers3, Patricia H Trott41Associate Professor, School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia; 2Member, International Centre for Allied Health Evidence, University of South Australia, Australia; 3Professor of Allied Health, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Director, International Centre for Allied Health Evidence, University of South Australia, Australia; 4Associate Professor, School of Health Sciences, University of South AustraliaBackground: Pillows are intended to support the head and neck in a neutral position to minimize biomechanical stresses on cervical structures whilst sleeping. Biomechanical stresses are associated with waking cervical symptoms. This paper adds to the scant body of research investigating whether different pillow types produce different types and frequencies of waking symptoms in asymptomatic subjects.Methods: A random-allocation block-design blinded field trial was conducted in a large South Australian regional town. Subjects were side-sleepers using one pillow only, and not receiving treatment for cervicothoracic problems. Waking cervical stiffness, headache and scapular/arm pain were recorded daily. Five experimental pillows (polyester, foam regular, foam contour, feather, and latex) were each trialed for a week. Subjects’ ‘own’ pillow was the control (a baseline week, and a washout week between each experimental pillow trial week). Subjects reported waking symptoms related to known factors (other than the pillow), and subjects could ‘drop out’ of any trial pillow week.Results: Disturbed sleep unrelated to the pillow was common. Waking symptoms occurring at least once in the baseline week were reported by approximately 20% of the subjects on their ‘own’ pillow. The feather trial pillow performed least well, producing the highest frequency of waking symptoms, while the latex pillow performed best. The greatest number of ‘drop outs’ occurred on the feather pillow. The foam contour pillow performed no better than the foam regular pillow.Conclusion: ‘Own’ pillows did not guarantee symptom-free waking, and thus were a questionable control. The trial pillows had different waking symptom profiles. Latex pillows can be recommended over any other type for control of waking headache and scapular/arm pain.Keywords: pillow type, cervical stiffness, arm pain, headach

The Radial Structure of SNR N103B

We report on the results from a Chandra ACIS observation of the young, compact, supernova remnant N103B. The unprecedented spatial resolution of Chandra reveals sub-arcsecond structure, both in the brightness and in spectral variations. Underlying these small-scale variations is a surprisingly simple radial structure in the equivalent widths of the strong Si and S emission lines. We investigate these radial variations through spatially resolved spectroscopy using a plane-parallel, non-equilibrium ionization model with multiple components. The majority of the emission arises from components with a temperature of 1 keV: a fully ionized hydrogen component; a high ionization timescale (n_e*t > 10^12 s cm^-3) component containing Si, S, Ar, Ca, and Fe; and a low ionization timescale (n_e*t ~ 10^{11} s cm^-3) O, Ne, and Mg component. To reproduce the strong Fe Kalpha line, it is necessary to include additional Fe in a hot (> 2 keV), low ionization (n_e*t ~ 10^10.8 s cm^-3) component. This hot Fe may be in the form of hot Fe bubbles, formed in the radioactive decay of clumps of 56Ni. We find no radial variation in the ionization timescales or temperatures of the various components. Rather, the Si and S equivalent widths increase at large radii because these lines, as well as those of Ar and Ca, are formed in a shell occupying the outer half of the remnant. A shell of hot Fe is located interior to this, but there is a large region of overlap between these two shells. In the inner 30% of the remnant, there is a core of cooler, 1 keV Fe. We find that the distribution of the ejecta and the yields of the intermediate mass species are consistent with model prediction for Type Ia events.Comment: 34 pages, including 7 tables and 7 figures, Accepted by Ap