Alkoxy compounds - XXI. Synthesis, configuration, and conformation of some 5-alkoxymethyl-2,5-dialkyl-1,3-dioxanes

Twenty-six previously unreported 5-alkoxymethyl-2,5-dialkyl-1,3-dioxanes have been synthesized by the condensation of 2-alkoxymethyl-2-alkylpropane-1,3-diols with aldehydes. It has been shown by an analysis of the PMR spectra of these dioxanes that the 1,3-dioxanes considered are mixtures of two stereoisomers. In some cases these mixtures have been resolved into the individual isomers by vacuum fractionation in efficient columns. The configurations and conformations of the stereoisomeric 5-alkoxymethyl-2,5-dialkyl-1,3-dioxanes have been established by the NMR method; it has been shown that the lower-boiling isomers have the trans configuration and predominantly the chair conformation and the higherboiling isomers the cis configuration and predominantly an unsymmetrical boat conformation. © 1970 The Faraday Press, Inc

External and internal debts of Russia

The article analyzes the reasons for the aggregate external debt, the main one of which, according to the authors, is an incorrect economic strategy, a bet on a raw, and not an innovative way of development. It also provides an objective assessment of the state and dynamics of Russia's public debt in recent year

RF assisted switching in magnetic Josephson junctions

We test the effect of an external RF field on the switching processes of magnetic Josephson junctions (MJJs) suitable for the realization of fast, scalable cryogenic memories compatible with Single Flux Quantum logic. We show that the combined application of microwaves and magnetic field pulses can improve the performances of the device, increasing the separation between the critical current levels corresponding to logical "0" and "1." The enhancement of the current level separation can be as high as 80% using an optimal set of parameters. We demonstrate that external RF fields can be used as an additional tool to manipulate the memory states, and we expect that this approach may lead to the development of new methods of selecting MJJs and manipulating their states in memory arrays for various applications

Properties of ferromagnetic Josephson junctions for memory applications

In this work we give a characterization of the RF effect of memory switching on Nb-Al/AlOx-(Nb)-Pd$_{0.99}$Fe$_{0.01}$-Nb Josephson junctions as a function of magnetic field pulse amplitude and duration, alongside with an electrodynamical characterization of such junctions, in comparison with standard Nb-Al/AlOx-Nb tunnel junctions. The use of microwaves to tune the switching parameters of magnetic Josephson junctions is a step in the development of novel addressing schemes aimed at improving the performances of superconducting memories.Comment: IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. Special Issue ISEC201

ANALYSIS OF DOMAIN SPECIFICITY OF THE PROTECTIVE CHIMERIC ANTIBODY ch14D5a AGAINST GLYCOPROTEIN E OF TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS

A drug for the prevention and therapy of tick-borne encephalitis virus is being developed on the basis of the protective chimeric antibody ch14D5a. At the same time, the epitope recognized by this antibody on the surface of glycoprotein E has not been localized yet. The aim of this work was to identify the domain of glycoprotein E, to which the protective antibody ch14D5a binds. As a result, four recombinant variants of glycoprotein E were generated using the bacterial expression system: (1) the rE protein containing the domains D1, D2, and D3 of glycoprotein E; (2) the rED1+2 protein containing domains D1 and D2; (3) the rED3_301 protein, which is domain D3 of glycoprotein E, and (4) the rED3_294 protein comprising domain D3 and a hinge region connecting domains D1 and D3. The rED3_294 and rED3_301 proteins were obtained in soluble monomeric form. The rE and rED1+2 proteins were extracted from the inclusion bodies of Escherichia coli. Using Western blot analysis and surface plasmon resonance analysis, it was demonstrated that the protective chimeric antibody ch14D5a and its Fab fragment bound specifically to domain D3 of glycoprotein E. Since the antibodies recognizing epitopes on the surface of domain D3 do not tend to cause antibody-dependent enhancement of the infection as compared to antibodies directed to domains D1 and D2, the data obtained confirm the promise of using the antibody ch14D5a in the development of a therapeutic preparation against the tick-borne encephalitis virus