Hydrology and hydrobiology and environmental pollutions in lower than 10 meters depths of Caspian Sea

The present project in related to survey of factors and hydrology and hydrochemical features (water temperature, dissolve oxygen saturation, pH, clearance, salinity, nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon) hydrobiology (zooplankton, phytoplankton, macrobenthos) and survey of bio environment pollution (oil, heavy metal, detergent) executed in lower 10m in different water larger in southern Caspian Sea in 2002-2003. For sampling 8 lines number were vertical on coast that selected from Astra in west to Gomishan in east in southern Caspian Sea basin. The result indicated the average physical factors such as pH were 8.11 and salinity12.12 ppt ,and disolve oxygen6.7 mg/l. Average chemical factors such as NO_2 , NO_3 and NH_4 were 1.2 µg/l, 25.7 µg/l, 13 µg/l respectively.Total nitogen and organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen were 690.2 µg/l , 667.6 µg/l , 41.6 µg/l. Average silicat were recrded 266.35 µg/l . Total Phosphorus was observed 37.35 µg/l and average of organic Phosphorus concentration was and 20.25 µg/l .Average of Total organic matter (T.O.M) was 4.98% maximum amount were observed in Lisar and minimum in Nooshahr . Concentration of heavy metal during sampling were respectively ,Fe>Mn>Zn>Cr>Ph>Co>Cd>Cu. Maximum concentration of Fe were determined in winter in Nooshahr and Babolsar respectively 13/3 µg/l 17/1 µg/l. In many stations and different Season, the amount of heavy meta were lower standard of in marine water. The concentration of oil hydrocarborate (PAHs) in autumn was 0/13 ppb and in winter 0/12 ppb. The amount of (PAHs) in Southern Caspian Sea were Lower than other parts of Caspian Sea. The average of detergent concentration (LAS) was 0/036 µg/l that was two fold higher than determined in 2001. Total 107 species of phytoplankton belong to 5 phylum were identified. The numbers of species of phytoplankton groups were respectively, chrysophyta (42 species), cyanophyta (17 species), pyruphyta (17 species), chlorophyta (21 species) and euglenophyta (9 species). The maximum diversity of phytoplankton observed in summer and minimum in autumn. High diversity of chrysophta and cyanophyta observed in summer and phyrophyta and chrlophyta in spring. The composition of phytoplanhkton groups were respectively, chrysophyta (70%), phyrophyta (9%) and chlorophyta (7%) and euglonophyta (1%). Maximum density of phytoplankton was observed in autumn and minimum in winter. Total 19 species of Zooplankton were identified. Maximum diversity was observed in summer and minimum in winter. Zooplankton changes during sampling, showed amount of density of zooplankton in 5m were more than 10 m depths. Total (17 species macrobenthos were identified. The composition of macrobenthos groups were respectively , Annalida (92/7% ) , Bivalvia (2/7%) gumarida (108%) cumacea ( 1/5%) , Balanidae 103% . max . density were observed in Astara and min . in Sefied roud Average of density were 1218 0/851 ind /m^2 and biomass 14 15 g/m^2 High density were recorded in autumn and low density in winter . Correlation of phytoplankton and zooplankton with physicochemical parameter and also relation between total organic matter and sediment grain size were calculated.Ecological indicies (simpson diversity evenns diversity and shanoon-wiever diversity) were calculated for macrobenthos. Data were shown impact of cetenephora (Mnenemiopsis leidyi) on zooplankton and phytoplankton and macrobenthos density

A Study of Handicraft Cooperatives Market in Sistan and Baluchistan Province

Decrease in the local handicrafts exports & unregulated imports of foreign handicraft puts a lot of pressure on the domestic markets of this industry. This research intends investigate the market of handicrafts in the province of Sistan & Baluchistan & propose strategies and recommendations to improve its current status. Research method was field study and applied and considering the size of the population (102 active cooperatives) census was carried out and 78 questionnaires were returned. Results indicated that excessive imports of handicrafts from other countries, intermediate sellers & inability in direct sales of products, inadequate advertisements and cultural– economical issues such as changing market trends are respectively the main factors of the stagnation of the handicrafts market

Survey on Challenges Faced by Inactive Cooperative Projects in Sistan & Baluchistan Province

This study is a survey on the challenges which inactive cooperative projects face in Sistan and Baluchistan. It proposes the most effective solutions possible to activate these projects. The research method is based on descriptive. Having started since 2008, the Inactive Cooperative Projects Survey Program uses the classification of provincial active and inactive cooperatives broken down by township. Random sample is taken on the basis of number of active and inactive cooperatives in each township, with the inactive cooperatives of some townships fully included.  The essential information is gathered through telephone interview with Cooperative managers and experts coupled with a documentary study on the records, including the data of similar projects, available the Provincial Cooperative Office. Study shows that as for the end of 2008, there have been 432 inactive registered cooperatives. In general, the most frequent cause rendering coops inactive include lack of funds, lack of skilled and trained members and inefficient management. To help remedy the problems mentioned the following are proposed as worthy of consideration: -   holding specialized courses to make clear the nature of cooperatives; -    more funds to be allocated to cooperatives for the purpose of conducting applied research which would deal with each cooperative's concern more specifically. -   institutionalization in provincial cooperative sector through engaging well-famed trustful local figures to help reduce risks of financial contributions of cooperative members

Investigating the Effect of Membership in the Agricultural Production Cooperatives Regarding Cropping Pattern Sustainability

This study determined the optimum model using linear programming model (single objective) and planning Lexico and CGP (multi-objective) and discussed the optimum model by using the method of choice in normal use genetic algorithms. Information required through a questionnaire which were completed by 270 (down villages provinces) farmers in the Torbat-e Heydarieh Township. A two-stage cluster sampling was executed. The results of comparing changes in the land acreage of farmers, agricultural cooperatives can be inferred members and non-member farmers' cooperatives in agriculture, generally lower than cropping pattern changes are sustainable, Therefore,  it can be concluded that membership in agricultural cooperatives due to the cropping pattern with the objective of sustainable agriculture cropping pattern and water efficiency is appropriate in order to extend and expand the facility to recruit farmers to non-agricultural cooperatives was recommended

Investigating the Efficiency of Shrimp Cooperatives and Non-cooperatives Companies Using Data Envelopment Analysis Technique in Chabahar City in Iran (Application of CCR and FDH Models)

The purpose of this study is to assess the efficiency of Shrimp cooperatives and non-cooperatives companies in Guatr site of Chabahar County in the province of Sistan and Baluchistan in 2010. Therefore technical efficiency of shrimp farms was obtained by using the primary model of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Free Disposal Hull (FDH) model. Considering the number of units, census was conducted, and eventually the questionnaires of the entire population (25 units) were collected. The results showed that only 12% of firms in the primary model and 16% in the FDH model are quite efficient, and the average of technical efficiency for units is 85 and 87 percent respectively. Strategic approach to issues and adopting fundamental changes in production process, such as adding aeration systems in the fields with assistance from government agencies can improve the efficiency of the inefficient firms. Due to heavy costs brought about by the frequent use of aeration systems, the demand for these systems is low in the farms; therefore it is recommended that relevant institutions such as Province Fishery Organization and Province Department of Cooperation make necessary arrangements for banks to provide managers of shrimp farms with low-interest loans

Endogenous Klebsiella Endophthalmitis Associated with Liver Abscess: First Case Report from Iran

Purpose: To report the first case of endogenous Klebsiella endophthalmitis associated with liver abscess in Iran. Case Report: A 79-year-old man was referred to our hospital due to severe pain and visual loss in the left eye. On physical examination, conjunctival hyperemia, corneal edema, hypopyon and severe vitreous cellular reaction were identified in the left eye; however, yellowish conjunctival discoloration was more apparent in the right eye. Abdominal CT scan showed a right liver lobe abscess that was confirmed by sonographically guided percutaneous liver mass biopsy. Blood, vitreous and liver mass aspirate cultures revealed Klebsiella pneumoniae growth. The patient was thus diagnosed with endogenous Klebsiella endophthalmitis secondary to bacteremia associated with liver abscess. Conclusion: This report suggests that, rather than being confined to Taiwan, endogenous endophthalmitis secondary to a liver abscess due to K. pneumoniae may be a global problem. Therefore, physicians should be aware of the possibility of endophthalmitis whenever a patient with K. pneumoniae liver abscess complains of ocular symptoms