Analysis of ease of insertions, its attempts and time taken to insert for i-gel and cLMA in paediatric cases.

Aim: Analysis of ease of insertions, its attempts and time taken to insert for i-gel and cLMA in paediatric cases. Methods: We did a prospective, randomised single-blind study on Eighty patients of either sex belonging to American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status class I or II, between 6 months to 8 years of age, scheduled to undergo elective surgery for less than one and half hour duration under general anaesthesia. In this study we analysed the ease of insertion, attempts and time were taken to insert the supraglottic airway device. Results: The ease of insertion observed was easy in 39(97.5%) in the i-gel group and 35(87.5%) in cLMA group in our study. The i-gel was placed successfully in 39 out of 40 (97.5%) patients in the first attempt, and achieved 100% insertion on the second attempt. Correct positioning of cLMA in the first attempt was seen in 35 out of 40 (87.5%) patients. The remaining 5 patients (12.5%) required a second attempt. The average insertion time of cLMA (12.88 ± 1.771 seconds) was longer than the average time of insertion of i-gel (9.48 ± 1.037 seconds), and these differences were highly significant statistically (p= 0.000). Conclusion: To conclude, i-gel and cLMA is effective and safe devices for use in children. Both are easy to insert and have insignificant morbidity, however, time taken and attempts of insertions for i-gel was lesser than cLMA. Also, the ease of insertion was relatively easy for i-gel than cLMA in pediatric cases

Per-Operative Kinking of a Reinforced Endotracheal Tube: An Unforeseen Complication

Reinforced tubes are routinely used in Oro-maxillary surgeries. In spite of its advantages, any intra-operative deformity in reinforced tubes can at times lead to occlusion of a patent airway. To change this tube intraoperatively with distorted oral anatomy could be an anaesthetic challenge

Bilateral Congenital Choanal Atresia: A Case Report

Choanal atresia is an uncommon congenital anomaly of nose caused by failure of resorption of the bucco-pharyngeal membrane during embryonic development. Bilateral choanal atresia presents with severe respiratory distress and cyanosis at birth and is alleviated by crying. Surgery is the definitive treatment. We discuss successful management of a neonate with bilateral choanal atresia

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Not AvailableInfectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is one of the highly infectious and contagious diseases of chickens caused by Gallid Herpesvirus 1, a member of the genus Iltovirus. It is an economically important disease in major poultry producing countries, including India. Despite India having large population of poultry birds, very limited information is available on the disease magnitude and molecular epidemiology. We screened 560 tissue samples collected from necropsied cases of tracheitis and conjunctivitis to diagnose ILT by histopathology, immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction. Out of 560 samples, ILT was diagnosed in 90 (16.07%) cases by histopathology; however, polymerase chain reaction detected ILT virus (ILTV) in 128 (22.85%). Immu-nohistochemistry of representative PCR positive tissues (n=30) from trachea, lungs and conjunctiva detected viral antigen in the lining or denuded epithelial cells in 76.66% (23/30) cases. Analysis of age wise occurrence of ILT cases in our study revealed 47.65% in adult birds over 18 weeks of age, 35.15% in grower birds aged between 7 and18 weeks of age, 17.18% in chicks aged less than 6 weeks. Nucleotide sequence of gene encoding viral thymidine kinase revealed involvement of vaccine and virulent strains of ILTV in the investigated cases. Based on our findings and recent publications, we conclude that there is resurgence or re-emergence of ILT in the chicken flocks in different parts of India, indicating a possible biosecurity breach. Further genetic characterization of virus by whole genome sequencing technologies would decipher the genotype circulating in India, and help to design suitable native vaccine candidate(s).Not Availabl