Large-Scale Music Genre Analysis and Classification Using Machine Learning with Apache Spark

The trend for listening to music online has greatly increased over the past decade due to the number of online musical tracks. The large music databases of music libraries that are provided by online music content distribution vendors make music streaming and downloading services more accessible to the end-user. It is essential to classify similar types of songs with an appropriate tag or index (genre) to present similar songs in a convenient way to the end-user. As the trend of online music listening continues to increase, developing multiple machine learning models to classify music genres has become a main area of research. In this research paper, a popular music dataset GTZAN which contains ten music genres is analysed to study various types of music features and audio signals. Multiple scalable machine learning algorithms supported by Apache Spark, including naïve Bayes, decision tree, logistic regression, and random forest, are investigated for the classification of music genres. The performance of these classifiers is compared, and the random forest performs as the best classifier for the classification of music genres. Apache Spark is used in this paper to reduce the computation time for machine learning predictions with no computational cost, as it focuses on parallel computation. The present work also demonstrates that the perfect combination of Apache Spark and machine learning algorithms reduces the scalability problem of the computation of machine learning predictions. Moreover, different hyperparameters of the random forest classifier are optimized to increase the performance efficiency of the classifier in the domain of music genre classification. The experimental outcome shows that the developed random forest classifier can establish a high level of performance accuracy, especially for the mislabelled, distorted GTZAN dataset. This classifier has outperformed other machine learning classifiers supported by Apache Spark in the present work. The random forest classifier manages to achieve 90% accuracy for music genre classification compared to other work in the same domain

THE RELATIONSHIP OF MARITAL ADJUSTMENT AND SEXUAL FUNCTION WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING TREATMENT IN INFERTILE WOMEN

Abstract. Infertility is one of the most importantissues of reproductive health that has prominent effects on psychological and social aspects of couple's life. Infertility causes women’s concern about their sexual attractiveness and also their physical and mental health, It is even possible that using assisted reproductive technologies have negative effects on women’s feelings of the sexual values and marital relationships. This study therefore aimed to investigate the relationship of marital adjustment and sexual function with psychological factors affecting treatment in infertile women in 2013 in Mashhad, Iran. This correlational study was performed on 130 infertile women referred to Montaserie Infertility Research Center, Mashhad who selected using convenient sampling. Research tools were consisted of demographic questionnaires including personal and infertility-related information, and valid and reliable ROSEN Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI),Spanier Marital Adjustment Scale(DAS) and Goldbergand Hillier General Health Questionnaire, which were completed by the subjects. Data analysis was carried out by SPSS software using t-test,one way ANOVA, Spearman and Pearson correlation tests. The mean score of awareness of infertility and the length of infertility treatment were 5.24±4.12 and 4±3.95 years, respectively. The cause of infertility in 46.9% was a female factor and in 38.7% a male factor. General health in 49.2% of the infertile women were good. 54.6% of the infertile women had poor sexual function and 76.9% had high maritaladjustment. There was a direct correlation between sexual function and marital adjustment with general health in infertile women (P<0.001).A significantrelationship was also seen between sexual function and spouse accompany during treatment (P<0.05). Also a direct correlation was found between marital adjustment and being hopeful to treatment success and also spouse accompany during treatment in infertile women (P<0.05). The findings showed that infertile women with improved sexual function and good marital adjustment will have better mental health and are more hopeful toinfertility treatment . These results can be incorporated in planning of training and counseling programs, specially for infertile women who suffer from psychological disorders

Generalized second law of thermodynamics in f(T) gravity

We investigate the validity of the generalized second law (GSL) of gravitational thermodynamics in the framework of f(T) modified teleparallel gravity. We consider a spatially flat FRW universe containing only the pressureless matter. The boundary of the universe is assumed to be enclosed by the Hubble horizon. For two viable f(T) models containing $f(T)=T+\mu_1{(-T)}^n$ and $f(T)=T-\mu_2 T(1-e^{\beta\frac{T_0}{T}})$, we first calculate the effective equation of state and deceleration parameters. Then, we investigate the null and strong energy conditions and conclude that a sudden future singularity appears in both models. Furthermore, using a cosmographic analysis we check the viability of two models. Finally, we examine the validity of the GSL and find that for both models it is satisfied from the early times to the present epoch. But in the future, the GSL is violated for the special ranges of the torsion scalar T.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures, accepted by JCAP 201

The correlation between biofilm formation capability and antibiotic resistance pattern in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are life-threatening, due to high intrinsic antimicrobial resistance of this microorganism. The integrons and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa have a significant role in antibiotic resistance. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate antibiotic resistance pattern in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates with biofilm formation ability. This cross-sectional study from January 2017 to December 2017 was conducted on 78 isolates (58 clinical and 20 environmental) of P. aeruginosa recovered from the 547 samples (439 of clinical and 108 of environmental samples). The isolates were identified by phenotypic and genotypic tests. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used for susceptibility testing. The prevalence of class 1, 2 and 3 Integrons, rhlA, and lasB genes were determined using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Biofilm formation was determined using the microtiter plate method. Data analyzed using Stata 14 software and Chi-Square test. The most prevalent resistance was observed against Ticarcillin/Clavulanic Acid (55). Generally, 56.4 of isolates were producers of strong biofilm in both environmental and clinical isolates. The prevalence of strong biofilm producers in clinical isolates was more than environmental. A significant correlation was observed between Int1, Int2, and rhlA genes with biofilm formation capability (P = 0.02). Regarding >50 of both environmental and clinical isolates were producers of strong biofilm and because the source of clinical isolates may be from the environment, the necessary hygiene measurements should be taken. No significant correlation was observed between lasB gene with biofilm formation capability. © 2019 Elsevier Inc

Interacting entropy-corrected new agegraphic dark energy in Brans-Dicke cosmology

Motivated by a recent work of one of us [1], we extend it by using quantum (or entropy) corrected new agegraphic dark energy in the Brans-Dicke cosmology. The correction terms are motivated from the loop quantum gravity which is one of the competitive theories of quantum gravity. Taking the non-flat background spacetime along with the conformal age of the universe as the length scale, we derive the dynamical equation of state of dark energy and the deceleration parameter. An important consequence of this study is the phantom divide scenario with entropy-corrected new agegraphic dark energy. Moreover, we assume a system of dark matter, radiation and dark energy, while the later interacts only with dark matter. We obtain some essential expressions related with dark energy dynamics. The cosmic coincidence problem is also resolved in our model.Comment: 16 pages, no figure, accepted for publication in Gen. Relativ. Gra

Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide on Decreasing Microbial Contaminations in Raisins of Bavanat Region

Introduction  Raisins are dried grapes and are prepared from some varieties of grapes (Vitis vinifera) in different ways, such as exposing grapes to direct sunlight and mechanical methods. There is a possibility of contamination of various types of raisins with different microorganisms during the stages of harvesting and drying grapes, transportation and marketing of raisins, especially when they are presented in open boxes. The traditional process of preparing and packing raisins in Bovanat region (the main raisin production area of Fars province) makes this product prone to microbial contamination dangerous for human health. The history of consumption of raisin is very old. The Bible provides the first written mention of raisin around 1000 B.C., drying is one of the oldest methods of food preservations; the main purpose of this experiment is reducing the moisture content to level which allows safe storage without spoilage. It has been reported that the use of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatments reduces the microbial contamination loads in dried raisins. Moreover, washing with hydrogen peroxide solution can markedly reduce the loads of human pathogens including Escherichia coli. Primitive methods of making and packaging of raisins in Bavanat region contribute to make them vulnerable to microbial contamination and may be harmful for health. This research was conducted in order to determine the initial microbial contamination on the surface of three types of raisins prepared from the Keshmeshi grape cultivar and using hydrogen peroxide to reduce these microbial contaminations. Materials and Methods The use of hydrogen peroxide as a potential antimicrobial treatment was investigated for three types of raisins in Bovanat region. For this purpose, three samples of raisins (Sun-dried, Shade-dried and Sultana raisins) have investigated. Raisins samples randomly were purchased from a local retailer in Shiraz (Iran). For this experiment, raisin samples with uniform size were selected and damaged or diseased berries were discarded. Two concentrations of hydrogen peroxide applied to microbial disinfection were 0% and 0.9%. The raisins that were prepared underwent a treatment process where they were dipped for 5 minutes in solutions containing either 0% or 0.9% hydrogen peroxide. Afterward, the raisins were washed with distilled water for 1 minute to remove any residue. A control group was also included, consisting of raisin samples treated with water (0% hydrogen peroxide). For each sample, measurements were taken for microbial count, population of yeasts and other molds, Aspergillus, Coliform bacteria, and Escherichia coli. The experiment was designed as a factorial (2x3) based on a completely randomized block design with 3 replications. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0, and mean data were compared using Duncan's multiple range tests at a 1% probability level.   Results and Discussion  The results showed that there was a significant difference (P≤1%) between hydrogen peroxide concentration treatments regarding to microbial contamination. There was also a significant difference (P≤1%) between the raisin samples in terms of microbial contamination. The results also revealed the presence of high amount of microbial infection on surface of all raisin samples. The microbial contamination load of Sultana raisins was higher than other raisins. The results also indicate that Escherichia coli was not detected in both sun-dried and shade-dried samples, but it was observed in Sultana raisins. Surface disinfection of Sultana raisin samples with 9% of hydrogen peroxide removed Escherichia coli infection. Hydrogen peroxide was effective in reducing the microbial contamination of all three raisin samples. It seems hydrogen peroxide to be more effective in reducing microbial contamination in sun-dried and shade-dried samples. Sultana raisin had highest contamination of mold and yeast while sun-dried and shade-dried raisins were lowest. The effect of hydrogen peroxide on reducing mold and yeast contamination was not the same in all raisin samples, so that the highest effect on reducing mold and yeast contamination was found in sun-dried and shade-dried raisins. The least effect on this contamination was observed in sultana raisins. Aspergillus was not detected in sun-dried and shade-dried samples but it was observed in sultana raisins. Hydrogen peroxide was not effective against Aspergillus. The microbial contamination of all raisin samples which affected by 0.9% hydrogen peroxide was decreased significantly (P≤1%). Effect of hydrogen peroxide at 0.9% on removing of microbial infection in sun-dried and shade- dried raisins was similar and it was more than Sultana raisins. Conclusion All three raisin samples were infected with Coliform bacteria, mold and yeast. In the case of Escherichia coli infection, it was detected only in sultana samples. Hydrogen peroxide was effective in reducing the microbial infection of all raisin samples. It was more effective in reducing the total number of microbes in sun-dried and shade-dried raisins. Hydrogen peroxide with a concentration of 0.9% is effective for eliminating the microbial infection of raisins, and the use of hydrogen peroxide with a concentration of 0.9% can be used to disinfect raisins

Coupled out of plane vibrations of spiral beams

Collection of Technical Papers - AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials ConferenceAn analytical method is proposed to calculate the natural frequencies and corresponding mode shape functions of an Archimedean spiral beam. The deflection of the beam is due to both bending and torsion, which makes the problem coupled in nature. The governing partial differential equation and the boundary conditions are derived using Hamilton's principle. The vibration problem of a constant radius curved beam is solved using a general exponential solution with complex coefficients. Two factors make the vibrations of spirals different from oscillations of constant radius arcs. The first is the presence of terms with derivatives of the radius in the governing equations of spirals and the second is the fact that variations of radius of the beam causes the coefficients of the differential equations to be variable. It is demonstrated, using perturbation techniques that the R′ terms have negligible effect on the structure's dynamics. The spiral is then approximated with many merging constant-radius curved sections joint together to consider the slow change of radius along the spiral. The natural frequencies and mode shapes of two spiral structures have been calculated for illustration

Force, orientation and position control in redundant manipulators in prioritized scheme with null space compliance

This paper addresses the problem of executing multiple prioritized tasks for robot manipulators with compliant behavior in the remaining null space. A novel controller–observer is proposed to ensure accurate accomplishment of various tasks based on a predefined hierarchy using a new priority assignment approach. Force control, position control and orientation control are considered. Moreover, a compliant behavior is imposed in the null space to handle physical interaction without using joint torque measurements. Asymptotic stability of the task space error and external torque estimation error during executing multiple tasks are shown. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated on a 7R light weight robot arm by several case studies

Study of distribution, abundance and biomass of macro benthic fauna in the northern creeks of Bushehr province

Macro benthic invertebrate distribution and abundance in northern creeks of Boushehr province were analyzed by seasonal sampling from autumn 2000 till summer 2001. Sampling was carried out of sediments from bottom of nine stations which located in creeks and one control station in the sea by using of Van Veen Grab sampler. In additional, eight groups of macro benthos were identified which the most abundant populations among them were Gastropoda (51%), Bivalvia and Polychaeta (17.4%) and Amphipoda (5.3%) respectively. The maximum density of macro benthos was 2378 ind/m2 in spring and the minimum was 1174 ind/m^2 in autumn and also maximum and minimum biomass was 79.06g/ m^2 in summer and 17.72g/ m^2 in winter. The average wet weight of macro fauna biomass was 49.95 (± 33.6) g/ m^2