Identifying Climate Literacy Competencies: A Delphi Study at the Middle School Level

This study aimed to identify climate literacy competencies for middle school students. The study used a descriptive survey design. The data were collected using the Delphi method. Climate literacy competencies for middle school students were identified through Delphi questionnaires administered in three rounds. A panel of experts in social studies, geography education, and climate science participated in the Delphi applications. The number of experts was changed in each round. Four basic levels were defined for the selection of Delphi panelists. Each level was divided into two categories so that a more detailed and comprehensive approach to expert selection was used. Measures of central tendency (mean, median, and mode) and central dispersion (standard deviation and interquartile range) were used in the data analysis to reveal the general judgment of the panelists. Expert opinions were analyzed according to the criteria defined within the scope of the study and climate literacy competencies were identified for middle school students. A 70% consensus was achieved on the entire Delphi procedure among the panel of experts. The results of the three-round Delphi exercise showed that climate literacy competencies that middle school students should have consist of six categories and the items thereof. Accordingly, these categories are "concepts related to climate", "basic knowledge of climate", "knowledge of national and local climate", "relationship between climate and life", "skills", and "attitudes and values"

Novel sydnone derivatives carrying azidomethyl-1,2, 4-oxadiazole unit and their 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions

A series of 1,2,4-oxadiazolymethyl sydnones carrying azido group were synthesized and subjected to react with a variety of alkenic and acetylenic dipolarophilic reagents; N-phenyl maleimide, phenyl vinyl sulfone, and phenyl propiolic acid. All the new products are identified by spectral/physical data including high-resolution mass measure-ments and X-ray diffraction data

Some reactions of 2-(4-substitutedphenyl)-2-(N-methyl-N-4-substitutedbenzamido) acetic acids

In situ generated 2,4-diaryl substituted münchnones from 2-(4-substitutedphenyl)-2-(N-methyl-N-4-substitutedbenzamido)acetic acids react with acetic anhydride in the presence of 2-nitromethylene thiazolidine, which is most likely acting as a base, and unexpectedly undergo a Dakin–West type reaction and a concurrent autoxidation reaction leading to the formation of (E)-1-(N,4-dimethylbenzamido)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)prop-1-en-2-yl acetate, 4-substitutedphenyl-N-methyl-N-(4-substitutedbenzoyl) benzamides and p-substituted benzoic acids. In addition, a novel and efficient access to N-acyl urea derivatives is described by the reaction between 2-(4-substitutedphenyl)-2-(N-methyl-N-4-substitutedbenzamido)acetic acids and cyclohexyl, isopropyl carbodiimides in the presence of a base. The structures of all new products were identified on the basis of NMR and IR spectra, along with X-ray diffraction data and HRMS measurements

A kinetic study of mercury(II) transport through a membrane assisted by new transport reagent

Background: A new organodithiophosphorus derivative, namely O-(1,3-Bispiperidino-2-propyl)-4-methoxy phenyldithiophosphonate, was synthesized and then the kinetic behavior of the transport process as a function of concentration, temperature, stirring rate and solvents was investigated.Results: The compound 1 was characterized by elemental analysis, IR, H-1 and P-31 NMR spectroscopies. The transport of mercury(II) ion by a zwitterionic dithiophosphonate 1 in the liquid membrane was studied and the kinetic behavior of the transport process as a function of concentration, temperature, stirring rate and solvents was investigated. The compound 1 is expected to serve as a model liquid membrane transport with mercury(II) ions.Conclusion: A kinetic study of mercury(II) transport through a membrane assisted by O-(1,3-Bispiperidino-2-propyl)4-methoxy phenyldithiophosphonate was performed. It can be concluded that the compound 1 can be provided a general and straightforward route to remove toxic metals ions such as mercury(II) ion from water or other solution

Synthesis and anti-protozoal activity of novel dihydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,2,3]triazoles

1,2,4-Oxadiazole and 1,2,3-triazole containing heterocyclic compounds continue to gain interest in synthesis of chemical entities and exhibit various biological activities as anti-protozoal and anti-cancer agents. By using the principle of bioisosterism, a series of novel oxadiazolyl pyrrolo triazole diones; namely, (3aS,6aR)-1-((3-(4-substituted phenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)methyl)-5-phenyl-1,6a-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-d][1,2,3] triazole-4,6(3aH,5H)-diones (5a–k) was designed and synthesized by the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of novel 5-azidomethyl 3-aryl substituted 1,2,4-oxadiazoles (4a–k) with N-phenyl maleimide. The structures of all the cycloadducts were elucidated by means of spectroscopic methods and physical characteristics. The in vitro anti-protozoal and cytotoxic activities of these novel heterocyclic compounds were investigated

acetonitrile on the platinum and gold electrodes

Some dithiophosphonate derivatives were synthesized and the electrochemical reduction mechanism was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV) and chronoamperometry (CA) in 0.1 M tetrabutylammoniumtetrafluoroborate (TBATFB) in acetonitrile at platinum (Pt) and gold (Au) electrodes. Dithiophosphonates showed a cyclic voltammetric reduction peak at about -1.1 V at Pt and -1.3 V at An electrode (vs. Ag/Ag+) in this media. It was also shown that dithiophosphonates can be determined quantitatively in acetonitrile using a calibration graph. The number of electrons transferred were calculated as 2 using ferrocene as a reference compound at the UME electrode. Mechanism of dithiophosphonates was also examined on Pt and An electrodes and electrochemical reduction of dithiophosphonates seems to follow an EC mechanism with an irreversible electron transfer step. The reaction product in the bulk electrolysis experiment was isolated and identified using proton-coupled P-31 NMR, C-13-NMR and IR spectroscopy. The adsorption tests for dithiophosphonates were revealed that no strong or weak adsorption phenomena exist on both Pt and Au electrodes. Simulation curves were acquired by DigiSim 3.03 version to investigate the reduction mechanism and to estimate the kinetic parameters for electrochemical and chemical steps