Characterization of unplanned water reuse in the EU. Final Report

In order to assess policy options regarding requirements for water reuse via agricultural irrigation and groundwater recharge, the European Commission requested an additional source of information. Thus, the aim of this study was to benchmark the current degree of unplanned water reuse in Europe, in particular in areas that are practicing agriculture irrigation and artificial groundwater recharge using surface water. This assessment included a characterization of qualities of water sources currently used in agricultural irrigation in the EU, including direct and indirect reuse of treated wastewater. In addition, the extent of unplanned reuse and the impact of the development of planned (and direct) water reuse has been assessed for case studies in selected EU river basins in Spain, Italy, France and GermanyCon el fin de evaluar las opciones políticas relativas a los requisitos de reutilización del agua a través del riego agrícola y la recarga de aguas subterráneas, la Comisión Europea solicitó una fuente adicional de información. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio era comparar el grado actual de reutilización no planificada del agua en Europa, en particular en las zonas que practican el riego agrícola y la recarga artificial de aguas subterráneas con aguas superficiales. Esta evaluación incluyó una caracterización de la calidad de las fuentes de agua utilizadas actualmente en el riego agrícola en la UE, incluida la reutilización directa e indirecta de las aguas residuales tratadas. Además, se ha evaluado el alcance de la reutilización no planificada y el impacto del desarrollo de la reutilización planificada (y directa) del agua para estudios de caso en cuencas hidrográficas seleccionadas de la UE en España, Italia, Francia y Alemania

Making waves: Enhancing pollutant biodegradation via rational engineering of microbial consortia.

Biodegradation holds promise as an effective and sustainable process for the removal of synthetic chemical pollutants. Nevertheless, rational engineering of biodegradation for pollutant remediation remains an unfulfilled goal, while chemical pollution of waters and soils continues to advance. Efforts to (i) identify functional bacteria from aquatic and soil microbiomes, (ii) assemble them into biodegrading consortia, and (iii) identify maintenance and performance determinants, are challenged by large number of pollutants and the complexity in the enzymology and ecology of pollutant biodegradation. To overcome these challenges, approaches that leverage knowledge from environmental bio-chem-informatics and metabolic engineering are crucial. Here, we propose a novel high-throughput bio-chem-informatics pipeline, to link chemicals and their predicted biotransformation pathways with potential enzymes and bacterial strains. Our framework systematically selects the most promising candidates for the degradation of chemicals with unknown biotransformation pathways and associated enzymes from the vast array of aquatic and soil bacteria. We substantiated our perspective by validating the pipeline for two chemicals with known or predicted pathways and show that our predicted strains are consistent with strains known to biotransform those chemicals. Such pipelines can be integrated with metabolic network analysis built upon genome-scale models and ecological principles to rationally design fit-for-purpose bacterial communities for augmenting deficient biotransformation functions and study operational and design parameters that influence their structure and function. We believe that research in this direction can pave the way for achieving our long-term goal of enhancing pollutant biodegradation

Nurses’ Perceptions Regarding Patient Handover and Affecting Factors

Objective:To determine nurses’ perceptions on patient handover and the factors affecting it.Method:This descriptive study was conducted in a training-research hospital between October and November 2022 with 182 nurses. Research data was collected using the “nurse information form” and “patient handover evaluation scale”. Number, percentage, mean, independent groups t-test, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U analyzes were used to evaluate the data.Results:The total mean score of the patient handover evaluation scale of the nurses was 73.36±12.77, the mean score of the quality of information sub-dimension was 33.09±6.06, and the mean score of the interaction and support sub-dimension was 24.78±7.01, mean score of the productivity sub-dimension was 15.48±3.48. It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the total score and sub-dimension score averages of the patient handover evaluation scale according to gender, position, working willingly/willingly in the unit, receiving education on patient handover, and having problems with patient handover in the unit (p<0.05). The mean score of the patient handover evaluation scale of female nurses is higher than male, and the difference is statistically significant (p<0.05). The total mean score of the patient handover evaluation scale of the nurses who work happily, who are the nurses in charge, who receive training on patient handover and have no problems with the handover of the shift, is higher than the other nurses (p<0.05).Conclusion:Total mean score of the patient handover evaluation scale of the nurses was high, and factors such as receiving education on patient handover, loving the unit, and the position worked were effective in evaluating patient handover

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Situación y perspectiva de los estudios de Ingeniería Química

Ingeniería químic

Making waves: Enhancing pollutant biodegradation via rational engineering of microbial consortia

Biodegradation holds promise as an effective and sustainable process for the removal of synthetic chemical pollutants. Nevertheless, rational engineering of biodegradation for pollutant remediation remains an unfulfilled goal, while chemical pollution of waters and soils continues to advance. Efforts to (i) identify functional bacteria from aquatic and soil microbiomes, (ii) assemble them into biodegrading consortia, and (iii) identify maintenance and performance determinants, are challenged by large number of pollutants and the complexity in the enzymology and ecology of pollutant biodegradation. To overcome these challenges, approaches that leverage knowledge from environmental bio-chem-informatics and metabolic engineering are crucial. Here, we propose a novel high-throughput bio-chem-informatics pipeline, to link chemicals and their predicted biotransformation pathways with potential enzymes and bacterial strains. Our framework systematically selects the most promising candidates for the degradation of chemicals with unknown biotransformation pathways and associated enzymes from the vast array of aquatic and soil bacteria. We substantiated our perspective by validating the pipeline for two chemicals with known or predicted pathways and show that our predicted strains are consistent with strains known to biotransform those chemicals. Such pipelines can be integrated with metabolic network analysis built upon genome-scale models and ecological principles to rationally design fit-for-purpose bacterial communities for augmenting deficient biotransformation functions and study operational and design parameters that influence their structure and function. We believe that research in this direction can pave the way for achieving our long-term goal of enhancing pollutant biodegradation