EXAMINATION OF TEACHER CANDIDATES’ ATTITUDES, EMOTIONS, AND ANXIETIES REGARDING INCLUSIVE EDUCATION BY DIFFERENT VARIABLES

To benefit teaching-learning processes, Individuals needing special education must be placed in suitable education environments after educational identification and evaluation processes. The least restrictive environment approach was employed considering peer interaction and academic skills. Inclusive education is one of the most chosen least restrictive environments. Studies have suggested that inclusive education is beneficial for both the typical students and students with special needs. It is stated that the main element in the success of inclusive education is the teacher. Because teachers prepare, apply, monitor and evaluate the individualized educations programs which are suitable for the needs and characteristics of students with special needs. In this respect, it is known that the attitudes, emotions, and anxieties of teachers towards inclusive education are significant factors (Salend and Duhaney, 1999; Şekercioğlu, 2010; Diken, 1999). Many studies can be found on inclusive education but few of them are about the emotions, attitudes, and anxieties of teacher candidates towards inclusive education. So, this study aims to examine the emotions, attitudes, and anxieties of teacher candidates towards inclusive education by different variables such as gender, the department they are studying in, inclusive education legislation knowledge, and having been interacted with an inclusive student before. The relational screening model one the descriptive survey model was used in this study. 600 teacher candidates studying in ten different departments participated in the study. Data were collected through “Scale for Emotions, Attitudes, and Anxieties Regarding Inclusive Education” developed by Chris Forling et al. (2011) and adapted to Turkish by Bayar et al. (2015). Data were analyzed through SPSS. Independent samples t-test was used to reveal the differentiation in terms of gender and having an interaction before variables. One-way analysis of variance was applied to reveal the differentiation in terms of the legislation knowledge and department variables. Tukey test was performed to find the reason for the differentiation. The results revealed that there is no significant difference between gender and attitudes, emotions, and anxieties of teacher candidates, but that there is a significant difference between the having an interaction with inclusive students before, inclusive education legislation knowledge, the department they are studying in variables and attitudes, emotions, and anxieties of teacher candidates. It is understood that activities towards inclusive education in teaching practice course must be increased and the undergraduate programs must include a course regarding inclusive education.  Article visualizations

THE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PARENTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS CHILDREN AND THEIR TYPICALLY DEVELOPING CHILDREN IN TURKEY

In Turkey, whereas there are a number of studies which examine the communication of parents with their typically developing children, there are limited studies which examine the communication of parents with special needs children with their typically developing children. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the communication of parents with special needs children with their typically developing children. 295 parents who have both mentally disabled and typically developing children participated in the study in the 2019-2020 academic year. The data in the study were obtained by using the Parent-Child Communication Scale (PCCS) developed by Kahraman (2016). The scale consisting of 27 items contains 5 sub-dimensions and explains .54,3 of the total variance. For the overall reliability, the Cronbach’s alpha was .865. The data were analyzed by using the statistical techniques included in the SPSS program to analyze the data collected through the scale. There are two main objectives in the study: to explore the communication of parents with special needs children with their typically developing children in terms of various variables, and relationship between perception of problem-solving and unobstructed listening, open to share, respect-acceptance and sensitivity, which are among to the subscales of PCCS. As a result of the research, it was revealed that there was a significant difference between the genders, ages, education status, disability status of their special needs children and their monthly income levels of parents with special needs children and their communication levels with their typically developing children. As the perception of problem-solving increased in the communication of parents with special needs children with their typically developing children. However, there was no correlation between the perception of problem-solving and unobstructed listening skills of parents with special needs children with their typically developing children.  Article visualizations

An Investigation of the Turkish Preservice Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Individualized Education Program Development Process

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the attitudes of preservice teachers who study at Turkish universities towards the development process of an individualized education program (IEP). The participants of the study were composed of 304 teachers who were all seniors at the faculties of education in the 2019-2020 academic year. The data were collected through the attitude determination scale (ADS) towards the IEP development process developed by Tike (2007). The scale contained 3 dimensions and 15 items. A Principal Component Analysis revealed a 3-factor structure of 15 items with a 61,39% of the total variance explained. In order to determine the internal consistency a reliability test was implemented and the Cronbach Alpha coefficient for the 3 factors was found as .67. The collected data were analyzed through a statistical analysis program. In order to determine a possible significant difference between the participants’ genders, previous interaction with inclusive students, taking inclusive education classes and their attitudes towards IEP development process, an independent variables t-test was implemented. To determine whether there exists a significant difference according to the participants’ knowledge of the regulations regarding inclusive education a one-way ANOVA was implemented. When a difference was revealed Tukey test was implemented to determine the differentiation and check the difference between the mean scores. At the end of the study, a statistically significant difference was found regarding the participants’ genders, taking inclusive education classes and knowledge of the regulations regarding inclusive education while no statistically significant difference was found according to their previous interaction with inclusive education. Keywords: Individualized education program (IEP), preservice teachers, attitude DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-16-11 Publication date:June 30th 2020

Genel Eğitim Okulları ile Özel Eğitim Uygulama Okullarındaki Türkçe Öğretim Programlarının Karşılaştırmalı İncelenmesi

Eğitim sistemine yön verebilmek adına yapılan tartışmalardan yola çıkarak, eğitimin verimliliğinin ve kalitesinin artırılması, bireylerin ve toplumun değişen ihtiyaçlarının karşılanması için öğretim programlarının güncel ve dinamik olması önemlidir. Bu bağlamda yapılan araştırmada genel eğitim okullarında ilkokul ve ortaokul düzeyi için hazırlanan “Türkçe Dersi Öğretim Programı” (2018), özel eğitim uygulama okulları (ÖEUO) I. ve II. kademede öğrenim gören orta ağır zihinsel yetersizliği olan öğrenciler ile otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan öğrenciler için hazırlanan “Türkçe Okuma Yazma Dersi Öğretim Programı” (2019) ve “Türkçe Dersi Öğretim Programı” (2019) karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Kullanılan yöntem doğrultusunda Türkçe öğretim programları; amaçları, değerleri, yetkinlikleri, güncellenebilir olması, öğrenme ve öğretme yaklaşımları ile ölçme ve değerlendirme yaklaşımları açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, genel eğitim okulları için hazırlanan Türkçe Dersi Öğretim Programında yer alan etkinliklerin kaynaştırma öğrencilerine yönelik uyarlanabilir olma özelliği sınırlı bulunmuştur. Her iki programda da Türkçeyi konuşma yazma kurallarına uyması, temel okuma yazma becerileri edinmesi, dinleme, izleme, konuşma becerilerinin geliştirilmesi gibi temel yeterliklerin kazanımı amaçlanmaktadır. Ancak programlarda yer alan yetkinliklerin içeriği her iki grupta da aynı şekilde ifade edilmiştir. Türkçe öğretim programlarında özel gereksinimli bireylerin öğrenimini kolaylaştıracak öğretim durumlarına yer verilmesi gerektiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Özel gereksinimli öğrencileri merkeze alarak hazırlanan ve zamanla gelişim gösteren Türkçe programlarının daha kapsamlı ve etkili olacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu nedenle Türkçe öğretim programlarında özel gereksinimli öğrencilerin eğitim ortamlarına uyum sağlayabilmeleri için, akademik ve kişisel gelişimlerine yardımcı olacak yöntem, teknik ve stratejilere yer verilmesi gerektiği sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır

An Investigation of Social Acceptance Levels of Students with Typical Development toward Their Peers with Special Needs in terms of Certain Variables

The aim of this study is to investigate the level of social acceptance of students with typical development in inclusive classes towards individuals with special needs in terms of certain variables. In this study, the screening model was used, which is one of the quantitative research methods. The reason for choosing the screening model in the research is to determine the relationship between different variables such as gender, parents' education level, and whether there is a disabled person in the student's immediate environment and the level of social acceptance. In the 2019-2020 academic year, 1083 6th, 7th, and 8th grade students in inclusive classes in public secondary schools in Turkey participated in the study. The Social Acceptance Scale developed by Arslan (2010) with an internal consistency coefficient of .93 was used. The statistical package was used to analyze the data. The results of the study revealed that there was a significant difference in social acceptance levels of students with typical development towards their peers with special needs (p˂0.001) according to the variables as ge nder, father's education level, grade level, the presence of disabled people among relatives, previous attendance of kindergarten and nursery in the past, family status. However, it was found out that there was no statistically significant difference between the mother’s level of education of the students with typical development and their social acceptance levels towards their peers with special needs.Keywords: Social acceptance, inclusive education, peer, typically developing student