MRI evaluation of ligaments and tendons of foot arch in talar dome osteochondral lesions

Background: There are no publications in literature describing an association between disorders of the ligaments and tendons supporting the foot arch and osteochondral lesions of the talus (OCLT). We believe there may be a correlation between the damage of these structures

Vertebral Stent Compression due to Supra-Aortic Variations: Case Report

Vertebral artery variations are rare developmental anomalies. Although these variations are generally asymptomatic; it can predispose such pathologies as dissection, intracranial aneurysm. Additionally, these variations can effect on the treatment plan and endovascular / surgical approach.In our case, bilateral vertebral artery variations accompanying the abberant right subclavian artery were presented and abnormal origin and high foraminal entry variation were observed in the right vertebral artery. On the basis of this variation, symptomatic dissection was observed at the level of the foraminal segment of the right vertebral artery. A metallic stent was placed by endovascular approach, however the stent was compressed in follow-up period.Abnormal vascular origin, branching and running variations in functional vascular anatomy significantly affects the incidence of disease and treatment success

Evaluation of anterior intermeniscal ligament in discoid lateral meniscus cases and presenting the accompanying meniscal pathologies with MRI

Background Although several studies were conducted to put forth the biomechanical function of anterior intermeniscal ligament (AIML) on the stability of meniscal structures, there are few data on the etiology of the early degeneration of discoid type compared to the normal shaped ones. Purpose To determine the AIML subtypes and accompanying meniscal pathologies in discoid lateral menisci (DLM) on knee MRI exams. Material and Methods Knee MRI exams of 171 individuals with DLM were reviewed. DLMs and AIMLs were typed according to Watanabe's classification and Nelson-Laprade classification, respectively. Medial and lateral menisci were evaluated for tear and menisco-capsular pathology. Pearson's correlation test was used for statistical analysis. Results DLM was type I in 83 (48.5%) individuals and type II in 88 (51.5%) individuals. AIML was absent in 90 (52.6%) participants; type I AIML was seen in 38 out 81 (22.2%), type II in 31 out of 81(18.1%), and type III in 12 out of 81 (7%). Meniscal pathology was observed in 56 (32.7%) individuals as follows: menisco-capsular strain/separation in 25 (14.6%); medial meniscal tear in 22 (12.8%); and lateral meniscal tear in nine (5.2%); Of these 56 cases, 26 (46%) had no AIML, 15 cases (27%) had type I, nine cases (16%) had type II, and six cases (11%) had type III AIML. Conclusion No statistically significant correlation was found between the type of DLM and type of AIML (P = 0.855), between the type of DLM and meniscal pathology (P = 0.791), or between the type of AIML and meniscal pathology (P = 0.282)

What Should the Optimal Adrenaline Auto-Injector Needle Length Be?

Objective: To identify the possible subcutaneous and peri/intraosseous injection risks with different needle lengths in adults using adrenaline autoinjectors (AAI) with different needle lengths. In addition, optimum needle lengths with the lowest injection failure risk were determined for both genders